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## com.google.common.io
Class CharStreams

    java.lang.Object
      com.google.common.io.CharStreams

    @Beta
    public final class CharStreams

extends Object

Provides utility methods for working with character streams.

All method parameters must be non-null unless documented otherwise.

Some of the methods in this class take arguments with a generic type of `Readable & Closeable`. A `Reader` implements both of those interfaces. Similarly for `Appendable & Closeable` and `Writer`.

Since:
  1.0
Author:
  Chris Nokleberg, Bin Zhu

Method Summary
`static Writer` | `asWriter(Appendable target)` Returns a Writer that sends all output to the given `Appendable` target.
`static
`<R extends Readable & Closeable> long`
` | `copy(InputSupplier<R> from, Appendable to)` Opens a `Readable` object from the supplier, copies all characters to the `Appendable` object, and closes the input.
`static
`<R extends Readable & Closeable,W extends Appendable & Closeable> long`
` | `copy(InputSupplier<R> from, OutputSupplier<W> to)` Opens `Readable` and `Appendable` objects from the given factories, copies all characters between the two, and closes them.
`static long` | `copy(Readable from, Appendable to)` Copies all characters between the `Readable` and `Appendable` objects.
`static InputSupplier<Reader>` | `join(InputSupplier<? extends Reader>... suppliers)` Varargs form of `join(Iterable)`.
`static InputSupplier<Reader>` | `join(Iterable<? extends InputSupplier<? extends Reader>> suppliers)` Joins multiple `Reader` suppliers into a single supplier.
`static InputSupplier<InputStreamReader>` | `newReaderSupplier(InputSupplier<? extends InputStream> in, Charset charset)` Returns a factory that will supply instances of `InputStreamReader`, using the given `InputStream` factory and character set.
`static InputSupplier<StringReader>` | `newReaderSupplier(String value)` Returns a factory that will supply instances of `StringReader` that read a string value.
`static OutputSupplier<OutputStreamWriter>` | `newWriterSupplier(OutputSupplier<? extends OutputStream> out, Charset charset)` Returns a factory that will supply instances of `OutputStreamWriter`, using the given `OutputStream` factory and character set.
`static
`<R extends Readable & Closeable> String`
` | `readFirstLine(InputSupplier<R> supplier)` Reads the first line from a `Readable` & `Closeable` object supplied by a factory.
`static
`<R extends Readable & Closeable> List<String>`
` | `readLines(InputSupplier<R> supplier)` Reads all of the lines from a `Readable` & `Closeable` object supplied by a factory.
`static
`<R extends Readable & Closeable,T> T`
` | `readLines(InputSupplier<R> supplier, LineProcessor<T> callback)` Streams lines from a `Readable` and `Closeable` object supplied by a factory, stopping when our callback returns false, or we have read all of the lines.
`static List<String>` | `readLines(Readable r)` Reads all of the lines from a `Readable` object.
`static void` | `skipFully(Reader reader, long n)` Discards `n` characters of data from the reader.
`static
`<R extends Readable & Closeable> String`
` | `toString(InputSupplier<R> supplier)` Returns the characters from a `Readable` & `Closeable` object supplied by a factory as a `String`.
`static String` | `toString(Readable r)` Reads all characters from a `Readable` object into a `String`.
`static
`<W extends Appendable & Closeable> void`
` | `write(CharSequence from, OutputSupplier<W> to)` Writes a character sequence (such as a string) to an appendable object from the given supplier.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Method Detail

### newReaderSupplier

    public static InputSupplier<StringReader> newReaderSupplier(String value)

  Returns a factory that will supply instances of `StringReader` that read a string value.

  Parameters:
    `value` - the string to read
  Returns:
    the factory

### newReaderSupplier

    public static InputSupplier<InputStreamReader> newReaderSupplier(InputSupplier<? extends InputStream> in,
                                                                     Charset charset)

  Returns a factory that will supply instances of `InputStreamReader`, using the given `InputStream` factory and character set.

  Parameters:
    `in` - the factory that will be used to open input streams
    `charset` - the charset used to decode the input stream; see `Charsets` for helpful predefined constants
  Returns:
    the factory

### newWriterSupplier

    public static OutputSupplier<OutputStreamWriter> newWriterSupplier(OutputSupplier<? extends OutputStream> out,
                                                                       Charset charset)

  Returns a factory that will supply instances of `OutputStreamWriter`, using the given `OutputStream` factory and character set.

  Parameters:
    `out` - the factory that will be used to open output streams
    `charset` - the charset used to encode the output stream; see `Charsets` for helpful predefined constants
  Returns:
    the factory

### write

    public static <W extends Appendable & Closeable> void write(CharSequence from,
                                                               OutputSupplier<W> to)
                      throws IOException

  Writes a character sequence (such as a string) to an appendable object from the given supplier.

  Parameters:
    `from` - the character sequence to write
    `to` - the output supplier
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### copy

    public static <R extends Readable & Closeable,W extends Appendable & Closeable> long copy(InputSupplier<R> from,
                                                                                            OutputSupplier<W> to)
                     throws IOException

  Opens `Readable` and `Appendable` objects from the given factories, copies all characters between the two, and closes them.

  Parameters:
    `from` - the input factory
    `to` - the output factory
  Returns:
    the number of characters copied
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### copy

    public static <R extends Readable & Closeable> long copy(InputSupplier<R> from,
                                                            Appendable to)
                     throws IOException

  Opens a `Readable` object from the supplier, copies all characters to the `Appendable` object, and closes the input. Does not close or flush the output.

  Parameters:
    `from` - the input factory
    `to` - the object to write to
  Returns:
    the number of characters copied
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### copy

    public static long copy(Readable from,
                            Appendable to)
                     throws IOException

  Copies all characters between the `Readable` and `Appendable` objects. Does not close or flush either object.

  Parameters:
    `from` - the object to read from
    `to` - the object to write to
  Returns:
    the number of characters copied
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### toString

    public static String toString(Readable r)
                           throws IOException

  Reads all characters from a `Readable` object into a `String`. Does not close the `Readable`.

  Parameters:
    `r` - the object to read from
  Returns:
    a string containing all the characters
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### toString

    public static <R extends Readable & Closeable> String toString(InputSupplier<R> supplier)
                           throws IOException

  Returns the characters from a `Readable` & `Closeable` object supplied by a factory as a `String`.

  Parameters:
    `supplier` - the factory to read from
  Returns:
    a string containing all the characters
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### readFirstLine

    public static <R extends Readable & Closeable> String readFirstLine(InputSupplier<R> supplier)
                                throws IOException

  Reads the first line from a `Readable` & `Closeable` object supplied by a factory. The line does not include line-termination characters, but does include other leading and trailing whitespace.

  Parameters:
    `supplier` - the factory to read from
  Returns:
    the first line, or null if the reader is empty
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### readLines

    public static <R extends Readable & Closeable> List<String> readLines(InputSupplier<R> supplier)
                                  throws IOException

  Reads all of the lines from a `Readable` & `Closeable` object supplied by a factory. The lines do not include line-termination characters, but do include other leading and trailing whitespace.

  Parameters:
    `supplier` - the factory to read from
  Returns:
    a mutable `List` containing all the lines
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### readLines

    public static List<String> readLines(Readable r)
                                  throws IOException

  Reads all of the lines from a `Readable` object. The lines do not include line-termination characters, but do include other leading and trailing whitespace.

  Does not close the `Readable`. If reading files or resources you should use the `Files.readLines(java.io.File, java.nio.charset.Charset)` and `Resources.readLines(java.net.URL, java.nio.charset.Charset, com.google.common.io.LineProcessor)` methods.

  Parameters:
    `r` - the object to read from
  Returns:
    a mutable `List` containing all the lines
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### readLines

    public static <R extends Readable & Closeable,T> T readLines(InputSupplier<R> supplier,
                                                                LineProcessor<T> callback)
                       throws IOException

  Streams lines from a `Readable` and `Closeable` object supplied by a factory, stopping when our callback returns false, or we have read all of the lines.

  Parameters:
    `supplier` - the factory to read from
    `callback` - the LineProcessor to use to handle the lines
  Returns:
    the output of processing the lines
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### join

    public static InputSupplier<Reader> join(Iterable<? extends InputSupplier<? extends Reader>> suppliers)

  Joins multiple `Reader` suppliers into a single supplier. Reader returned from the supplier will contain the concatenated data from the readers of the underlying suppliers.

  Reading from the joined reader will throw a `NullPointerException` if any of the suppliers are null or return null.

  Only one underlying reader will be open at a time. Closing the joined reader will close the open underlying reader.

  Parameters:
    `suppliers` - the suppliers to concatenate
  Returns:
    a supplier that will return a reader containing the concatenated data

### join

    public static InputSupplier<Reader> join(InputSupplier<? extends Reader>... suppliers)

  Varargs form of `join(Iterable)`.

### skipFully

    public static void skipFully(Reader reader,
                                 long n)
                          throws IOException

  Discards `n` characters of data from the reader. This method will block until the full amount has been skipped. Does not close the reader.

  Parameters:
    `reader` - the reader to read from
    `n` - the number of characters to skip
  Throws:
    `EOFException` - if this stream reaches the end before skipping all the bytes
    `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs

### asWriter

    public static Writer asWriter(Appendable target)

  Returns a Writer that sends all output to the given `Appendable` target. Closing the writer will close the target if it is `Closeable`, and flushing the writer will flush the target if it is `Flushable`.

  Parameters:
    `target` - the object to which output will be sent
  Returns:
    a new Writer object, unless target is a Writer, in which case the target is returned

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