Main Page What's New in SPICE

## Table of Contents

       What's New in SPICE
       Introduction
       Version 66 --- April 2017
          Summary
          Environments
             New Environments
             Deprecated Environments
             Complete List of Supported Environments
             Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows
             Optimization on PC Linux, Intel FORTRAN, 32bit
             Need for Static System Libraries on Linux and OS-X
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice Additions and Updates
             The Digital Shape Kernel (DSK) Subsystem
             DSK Loading and Run-time Binary Translation
             High Level Routines Updated to Work with DSK Surfaces
             New Limb Routine
             New Terminator Routine
             New Lon/Lat Grid to Surface Points Routine
             New Illumination Routine with Visibility and Illumination Flags
             New Surface Normal Routine
             New DSK-Specific Surface Intercept Routines
             New DSK Summary Routines
             New Type 2 DSK Bulk Read Routines
             New Surface Name/ID Mapping Routines
             Status of the Alpha DSK Toolkit
             New Alpha-DSK Backwards Compatibility Routines
             New DSK Mid-Level, Low-Level, and Utility Routines
             New DLA File Format and Routines
             Other New SPICELIB Interfaces
             Other New CSPICE Interfaces
             Other New Icy and Mice Interfaces
             SPK 10 Evaluator Update to Use Vallado Propagator
             Text PCK-based Frames Performance Improvement
             SPK Type 19, subtype 2
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
             Built-in Body-Fixed Frames
          New and Updated Toolkit Application
             DSKBRIEF
             MKDSK
             DSKEXP
          Bug Fixes
             SPICELIB -- BODEUL, TISBOD
             SPICELIB -- CKE05
             SPICELIB -- KEEPER/UNLOAD
             SPICELIB -- SUBPNT
             SPICELIB -- XFMSTA
             MKSPK
       Version 65 --- July 2014
          Summary
          Environments
             New Environments
             Deprecated Environments
             Complete List of Supported Environments
             Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows
             Optimization on PC Linux, Intel FORTRAN, 32bit
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice Additions and Updates
             New Geometry Finder (GF) Routines
             New SPK Constant Position/Velocity Observer/Target Routines
             New Occultation and in FOV Condition Routines
             New Illumination Angles Routines
             New High-Level Frame Transformation Routine
             New High-Level State Transformation Routine
             Other New SPICELIB Interfaces
             Other New CSPICE Interfaces
             Other New Icy Interfaces
             Other New Mice Interfaces
             SPK Type 19
             SPK Type 20
             SPK Type 21
             PCK Type 20
             CK Type 6
             SPKLTC
             SPKW02, SPKW03, SPKW08, SPKW12
             Speedup
             Maximum Number of Loaded Kernels
             Kernel Pool Double Precision Buffer Limit
             CK Buffered Segment Limits
             SPK Buffered Segment Limits
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
             Built-in Body-Fixed Frames
          Toolkit Applications Updates
             BRIEF
             CKBRIEF
             FRMDIFF
             MKSPK
             MSOPCK
             SPKDIFF
          Bug Fixes
             SPICELIB -- SPKBSR, CKBSR, PCKBSR
             SPICELIB -- CKE05
             SPICELIB -- CKMETA
             SPICELIB -- DASA2L
             SPICELIB -- CCIFRM
             SPICELIB -- NEARPT
             SPICELIB -- SPKEZ/SPKEZP
             SPICELIB -- TIME CONVERSION
             FRMDIFF
             MKSPK
             MSOPCK
       Version 64 --- June 2010
          Environments
             New Environments
             Complete List of Supported Environments
             Dynamically Linked Executables
             Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing
             Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows
          Geometry Finder (GF) Subsystem
             SPICELIB High-Level GF APIs
             CSPICE High-Level GF APIs
             Icy and Mice High-Level GF APIs
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice
             Kernel Pool Variable Name Length Check
             CK Buffered Segment Limits
             SPK Buffered Segment Limits
             Kernel Pool Double Precision Buffer Limit
             SCLK Coefficient Record Limit
             CK writer quaternion magnitude check
             New SPICELIB Interfaces
             New CSPICE Interfaces
             New Icy Interfaces
             New Mice Interfaces
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
          Documentation
             Overwriting Input Arguments Not Allowed
          Bug Fixes
             Kernel Pool Watcher Deletion in TKFRAM
             Frame Change in CKGP
             ROTGET Dynamic Frame ID
             ZZEKQCON Initialization Error
             ZZEKRD03 Memory Violation Error
             EK Strings Longer Than 1024 Characters
             RETURN Mode Logic in Various Routines
       Version 63 --- April 2009
          Environments
             New Environments
             Complete List of Supported Environments
             Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing
             Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows
          Geometry Finder (GF) Subsystem
             SPICELIB High-Level GF APIs
             CSPICE High-Level GF APIs
             Icy and Mice High-Level GF APIs
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice
             SURFPV/surfpv_c (SPICELIB/CSPICE only)
             DVSEP/dvsep_c (SPICELIB/CSPICE only)
             GETFOV
             FURNSH
             Improved Error Messages from PXFORM/SXFORM
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
          Mice (MATLAB interface to CSPICE) Only
             New Interfaces
          New and Updated Applications
             FRMDIFF
             CKBRIEF
          Documentation
             Language Specific Required Reading Documents
             CKBRIEF User's Guide
          Bug Fixes
             SINCPT, SRFXPT
             POOL Watchers
             Frame subsystem
             Error handling
             Non-printing Character Detection in Time System
             MKSPK
             CKBRIEF
       Version 62 --- March 2008
          Environments
             New Environments
             Complete List of Supported Environments
             Use of -m32 Option
             Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing
             Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows
          Mice
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice
             New ``Surface Intercept'' routine SINCPT
             New ``Illumination Angles'' routine ILUMIN
             New ``Sub-observer Point'' routine SUBPNT
             New ``Sub-solar Point'' Routine SUBSLR
             Improvements of Aberration Corrected Velocity in the SPK Subsystem
             New SPK Routines
             New Binary PCK Coverage Routines PCKFRM and PCKCOV
             New Routine WNCARD
             New Routine EDTERM
             SCLK Buffer Size Increase
             TABs in Text Kernels
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
          Icy (IDL interface to CSPICE) Only
             New and Updated Interfaces
          Documentation
             Permuted Index for Icy and Mice
             BRIEF User's Guide
             Documentation on NAIF Web Server
          BRIEF
          CKBRIEF
          MKSPK
          SUBPT Cookbook
          Bug Fixes
             EV2LIN
             HYPTOF
             INELPL
             RAXISA
             SC01
             SRFXPT
             BRIEF
             CKBRIEF
             Header Updates
       Version 61 --- December 2006
          Rules Regarding Use of SPICE Components
          Environments
             New Environments
             Deprecated Environments
             Complete List of Supported Environments
             Use of -fPIC/-KPIC Option
             Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing
             Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows
          Documentation
          New Applications
             MSOPCK
             SPKDIFF
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy
             KCLEAR Routine
             DAF Comment Area Routines
             DAF-based Kernel Open Routines
             DAFONW Routine
             SPKW02, SPKW03, and SPKW05 Routines
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
          CSPICE Only
             New Wrappers
          Icy (IDL interface to CSPICE) Only
             New Interfaces
          Bug Fixes
             CKE05
             ET2LST
             UNLOAD
             STR2ET
             SURFPT
             CHRONOS
             Icy
             MKSPK
       Version 60 --- December 2005
          Bug Fixes
             Access to High Precision Binary Earth PCK
       Version 59 --- November 2005
          Rules Regarding Use of SPICE Components
          Environments
             New Environments
             Supported Environments
             Optimization for C/Icy environments
             Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing
             Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy
             Loading of Non-Native Text Kernels Files
             Additional Testing
             Deprecation of BODVAR in favor of BODVRD and BODVCD
             ``In Place'' Routines
             SPK Segment Buffer Increase
             EK Buffer Increased
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
             Documentation
          CSPICE
             New Wrappers
          Icy (Interactive Data Language interface to CSPICE)
             Vectorization
             New interfaces
          Bug Fixes
             Non-standard Use of Duplicate Arguments in FORTRAN
             NEARPT
             ET2LST
             GETFOV
             CKW03
             INEDPL
             INSRTC
             String Parsing Routines
       Version 58 --- January 2005
          Environments
          SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy
             Parameterized Dynamic Frames
             CK/SPK Coverage Summary Routines
             Planetographic Coordinate Conversion Routines
             ``L-sub-S'' Solar Longitude Routine
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
             Documentation
          CSPICE
             New Wrappers
          Icy (Interactive Data Language interface to CSPICE)
             Vectorization
             Windows
             Other new interfaces
          Bug Fixes
             MKSPK Processing of TLE
             MKSPK Adding Comments When Appending to Existing SPK
             Icy/cspice_getfov
             DVPOOL/dvpool_c/cspice_dvpool
             CSPICE/kdata_c Function
             FRINFO/frinfo_c/cspice_frinfo
       Version 57 --- March 2004
          Environments
          Icy
          SPICELIB/CSPICE
             SRFXPT
             Support for Satellite IDs in the Range 10000-99999
             Detection of Non-native Text Files
             Documentation
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
          INSPEKT
          TOBIN
       Version 56 --- August 2003
          Environments
          SPICELIB/CSPICE
             Documentation
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
          CHRONOS
          Bug Fixes
             Reading Files with MAC-OSX Absoft FORTRAN Toolkit
             DAS Scratch Files
             Argument Checking in CSPICE Error Handling Functions
       Version 55 --- March 2003
          Environments
          SPICELIB
             SPKW01
             DASCLS
             SPKBSR
             Kernel POOL
             Type 1 SCLK
          CSPICE
             New CSPICE wrappers
          Bug Fixes
             Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
             DASCUD
             OSCELT
             CKE05
             CKBRIEF
       Version 54 --- December 2002
          Mailing Lists
          Environments
          COOKBOOK Programs
          New Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions
          Documentation
          Bug Fixes
             Built-in Body-Fixed Frame for Pan
             Surface Intercept Routine
             DAS Writer Routines
             CSPICE Cell Implementation
             Body Name to Associated Frame Conversion Routine
             CHRONOS
       Version 53 --- September 2002
          Environments
          CSPICE
             New CSPICE wrappers for cell, set, and windows routines
             New CSPICE wrappers for sorting and searching routines
             New CSPICE wrappers for string manipulation and parsing routines
          SPICELIB
             SPK Type 18
             CK Type 5
          BRIEF
          COOKBOOK
          Bug Fixes
             ID-to-name Translation
             Built-in Body-Fixed Frames
             Binary architecture consistency check at run-time
             Long/truncated lines in text kernel files
             VMS Read-Only Access File Open Failure
       Version 52 --- January 2002
          Environments
          SPICELIB
             Run-Time Binary File Format Translation
             Open File Limit Increase
             SPK aberration corrections
             Instrument Kernel Support
             Kernel POOL
             Jacobian routines
             NAIF ID to Object Name Mapping
             Documentation
          CSPICE
             New CSPICE wrappers for EK routines
             Miscellaneous new CSPICE wrappers
          CKBRIEF
          COMMNT
          MKSPK
          VERSION
          Bug Fixes
             CK, PCK, and SPK segment buffering and selection
             Const-qualification for various CSPICE interfaces
             CSPICE function gcpool_c fixed
             MOVED fix for Fortran PC Linux platform
             EK query processing using LIKE operator and null values
             EK time conversion
             EK documentation
             Source code clean-up
       Version 51 --- April 2000
          SPICELIB
             Instrument Kernel Support
             Binary Kernel Recognition
             CK
             SPK
             Miscellaneous
          MKSPK
          SPKMERGE
             Bug Fixes
       Version 50 --- October 1999
          CSPICE
          Additions and Extensions to SPICE routines
             Loading Kernels
             Position Only Interface.
             ID-codes
             Kernel Pool Enhancements
             Continuous Spacecraft Clocks
             Bad FTP File Transfer Detection
             CK Writer Enhancements
             Bugs
          SPICE Utility Programs
             TOBIN
             COMMNT
             CKBRIEF
             MKSPK
          Documentation
       Version 49 --- September 1998
       Version 48 --- May 1998
       Version 47 --- July 1997
          Documentation
          Software
             SPK
             Frames
             Time
             Bug Fixes
       Version 46 --- January 1997
             Documentation
             Time
       Version 45 --- October 1996
       Version 44 --- August 1996
             SPK Subsystem
             Inspekt
             Bug Fixes
       Version 43 --- May 1996
             Brief
             Star Catalogs.
             CHGIRF
             BODTRN
             Performance Improvements
       Version 42 --- December 1995
       Version 41 --- October 1995
          Non-inertial Reference Frames

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# What's New in SPICE

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# Introduction

This document describes new and extended capabilities of the latest version of the SPICE Toolkit. It also notes bug fixes. Each release of the Toolkit is documented in a separate chapter that is titled with the version of the Toolkit. The most recent version of the Toolkit is documented first. The next most recent version is documented next, and so on.

The Toolkit version changes described in this document are

       Version 66 --- April 2017
       Version 65 --- July 2014
       Version 64 --- June 2010
       Version 63 --- April 2009
       Version 62 --- March 2008
       Version 61 --- December 2006
       Version 60 --- December 2005
       Version 59 --- November 2005
       Version 58 --- January 2005
       Version 57 --- March 2004
       Version 56 --- August 2003
       Version 55 --- March 2003
       Version 54 --- December 2002
       Version 53 --- September 2002
       Version 52 --- January 2002
       Version 51 --- April 2000
       Version 50 --- October 1999
       Version 49 --- September 1998
       Version 48 --- May 1998
       Version 47 --- July 1997
       Version 46 --- January 1997
       Version 45 --- October 1996
       Version 44 --- August 1996
       Version 43 --- May 1996
       Version 42 --- December 1995
       Version 41 --- October 1995

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# Version 66 --- April 2017

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## Summary

This is a brief summary of what's new and updated in N0066, with the details about each item provided later in this section:

`--` new Digital Shape Kernel (DSK) subsystem supporting Type 2 (tessellated plate model) shape data

`--` new DAS linked array (DLA) file format subsystem supporting DSK

`--` new surface name/ID mapping subsystem supporting DSK

`--` run-time binary translation extended to work with DAS files

`--` kernel loading subsystem updated to work with DSKs

`--` binary file opening/closing management updated to work with DAS files allowing access to up to 5000 DSKs at the same time

`--` most existing high level geometry routines updated to work with both ellipsoid and DSK surfaces

`--` new limb and terminator routines supporting ellipsoid and DSK surfaces

`--` new lon/lat grid to surface points routine supporting ellipsoid and DSK surfaces

`--` new illumination routine with visibility and illumination flags supporting ellipsoid and DSK surfaces

`--` new surface normal routine supporting ellipsoid and DSK surfaces

`--` many new Icy wrappers

`--` many new Mice wrappers

`--` SPK 10 (two line elements) evaluator update to use the Vallado derived propagator

`--` text PCK-based frames performance improvement

`--` new SPK Type 19 subtype 2

`--` new DSK utility programs in generic toolkit -- DSKBRIEF, DSKEXP, MKDSK

`--` bug fixes in Toolkit and utility programs

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## Environments

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### New Environments

No new environments were introduced for N0066.

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### Deprecated Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is no longer supported on these environments:

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 8.x / 32bit

       Mice:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit

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### Complete List of Supported Environments

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0066 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN / 64bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           CYGWIN        GFORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        GFORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         g77 / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 64bit

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / 64bit
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC / 64bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 64bit

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 8.x / 64bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 8.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 8.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 7.x / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 7.x / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / IDL 8.x / 64bit

       Mice:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit

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### Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows

The scratch EK file issue in Icy on PC/Windows described in the N0061 section of this document persists in the N0066 version of the Toolkit.

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### Optimization on PC Linux, Intel FORTRAN, 32bit

Default optimization was turned off in the PC Linux, Intel FORTRAN, 32bit toolkit because of the bugs in the compiler versions available to NAIF.

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### Need for Static System Libraries on Linux and OS-X

Static system libraries needed to build statically-linked FORTRAN toolkit executables on Linux and OS-X are frequently not included in more modern versions of these operating systems. If a need to recompile a Linux or an OS-X FORTRAN toolkit arises and the linking step performed by mkprodct.csh build scripts fails with an error message indicating the lack of needed static system libraries, users should install these libraries as appropriate for their system before re-trying a recompile.

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice Additions and Updates

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### The Digital Shape Kernel (DSK) Subsystem

The Digital Shape Kernel (DSK) is a new SPICE kernel type.

The DSK subsystem enables SPICE applications to access detailed representations of shapes of extended objects, and conveniently use those shape data in geometry calculations. The subsystem also provides mechanisms for documenting and porting such data.

The DSK subsystem consists of the DSK file format, SPICE routines that can access these files, utility programs, and documentation.

The DSK subsystem design allows for multiple mathematical representations of shapes; each such representation is called a ``DSK data type.'' Currently the only supported data type is DSK type 2, which models shapes of objects as collections of triangular plates. Such shape representations are also called ``tessellated plate models'' or ``triangular irregular networks'' (TINs).

Support for a data type that accommodates digital elevation models (DEMs) is planned for release in a future SPICE Toolkit version.

High-level SPICE geometry APIs, when using DSK shape data, work independently of the underlying DSK data type. SPICE also includes lower-level, type-dependent DSK APIs, such as those for fetching DSK type 2 plate and vertex data.

The DSK subsystem includes three new utility programs:

                   MKDSK
                   DSKBRIEF
                   DSKEXP

These utilities, respectively, enable SPICE users to make DSK files from data in a variety of text formats, summarize the contents of DSK files, and export data from binary DSK files to easily readable text files.

The previously existing SPICE utilities for comment area access and binary-transfer format conversion

                   COMMNT
                   TOBIN
                   TOXFR

work with DSK files.

See the DSK Required Reading document, dsk.req, for further information.

Status of the prototype Alpha DSK Toolkit is discussed in a section below.

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### DSK Loading and Run-time Binary Translation

DSK files are ``loaded'' and ``unloaded'' just like other SPICE kernels. SPICE-based user applications load DSK files for read access by calling

                   FURNSH          (SPICELIB)
                   furnsh_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_furnsh   (ICY and MICE)

and unload them by calling

                   UNLOAD          (SPICELIB)
                   unload_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_unload   (ICY and MICE)

                or

                   KCLEAR          (SPICELIB)
                   kclear_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_kclear   (ICY and MICE)

The names of DSK files to be loaded can be listed in a meta-kernel, along with the names of other SPICE kernels.

Large DSK data sets will normally be partitioned into multiple DSK files. These files can be named in a meta-kernel and loaded simultaneously. The DSK subsystem will automatically select data as needed from loaded DSK files.

Information on loaded DSKs---names of loaded kernels, file handles, and names of meta-kernels referencing those DSKs---can be obtained by calling

                   KTOTAL
                   KINFO
                   KDATA           (SPICELIB)

                   ktotal_c
                   kinfo_c
                   kdata_c         (CSPICE)

                   cspice_ktotal   (ICY and MICE)
                   cspice_kinfo    (ICY and MICE)
                   cspice_kdata    (ICY and MICE)

DSK files use the SPICE DAS (Direct Access Segregated) architecture; DSK files are a subclass of DAS files. The SPICE Toolkit has been upgraded so that open and close operations on DAS files, along with DAF files, are managed by a common subsystem. This subsystem allows up to 5000 DAS and DAF files to be accessible for reading at the same time.

The SPICE Toolkit has been upgraded to support run-time translation of DAS files: DAS files having ``big-endian'' binary file formats can be read on ``little-endian'' host systems, and vice versa. It still is necessary to convert DAS files to the host system's binary file format if the files need to be writable. For larger DAS files, conversion to the host format is still desirable to improve efficiency.

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### High Level Routines Updated to Work with DSK Surfaces

The following high level geometry routines were updated to work with the surface of a target body represented by a triaxial ellipsoid or by topographic data provided by DSK files:

`--` ray surface intercept routine:

                   SINCPT          (SPICELIB)
                   sincpt_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_sincpt   (ICY and MICE)

`--` sub-observer point routine:

                   SUBPNT          (SPICELIB)
                   subpnt_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_subpnt   (ICY and MICE)

`--` sub-solar point routine:

                   SUBSLR          (SPICELIB)
                   subslr_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_subslr   (ICY and MICE)

`--` solar illumination angles routine:

                   ILUMIN          (SPICELIB)
                   ilumin_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_ilumin   (ICY and MICE)

`--` arbitrary body illumination angles routine:

                   ILLUMG          (SPICELIB)
                   illumg_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_illumg   (ICY and MICE)

`--` occultation condition routine:

                   OCCULT          (SPICELIB)
                   occult_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_occult   (ICY and MICE)

`--` GF occultation finder routine:

                   GFOCLT          (SPICELIB)
                   gfoclt_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_gfoclt   (ICY and MICE)

`--` GF occultation finder routine, with interrupt and reporting:

                   GFOCCE          (SPICELIB)
                   gfocce_c        (CSPICE)

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### New Limb Routine

The N0066 version offers a new routine to find limb points on a target body, with the surface of the body represented by a triaxial ellipsoid or by topographic data provided by DSK files:

                   LIMBPT          (SPICELIB)
                   limbpt_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_limbpt   (ICY and MICE)

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### New Terminator Routine

The N0066 version offers a new routine to find umbral or penumbral terminator points on a target body, with the surface of the body represented by a triaxial ellipsoid or by topographic data provided by DSK files:

                   TERMPT          (SPICELIB)
                   termpt_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_termpt   (ICY and MICE)

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### New Lon/Lat Grid to Surface Points Routine

The N0066 version offers a new routine to map an array of planetocentric longitude/latitude coordinate pairs to surface points on a specified target body, with the surface of the body represented by a triaxial ellipsoid or by topographic data provided by DSK files:

                   LATSRF          (SPICELIB)
                   latsrf_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_latsrf   (ICY and MICE)

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### New Illumination Routine with Visibility and Illumination Flags

The N0066 version offers a new routine to compute the illumination angles -- phase, incidence, and emission -- at a specified point on a target body and to return logical flags indicating whether the surface point is visible from the observer's position and whether the surface point is illuminated, with the target body's surface represented using topographic data provided by DSK files, or by a reference ellipsoid:

                   ILLUMF          (SPICELIB)
                   illumf_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_illumf   (ICY and MICE)

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### New Surface Normal Routine

The N0066 version offers a new routine to map an array of surface points on a specified target body to the corresponding unit length outward surface normal vectors, with the surface of the target body represented by a triaxial ellipsoid or by topographic data provided by DSK files:

                   SRFNRM          (SPICELIB)
                   srfnrm_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_srfnrm   (ICY and MICE)

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### New DSK-Specific Surface Intercept Routines

The N0066 version offers the following routines for computing ray surface intercepts for surfaces modeled by DSK:

`--` a new routine to compute ray-surface intercepts for a set of rays, using data provided by multiple loaded DSK segments:

                   DSKXV           (SPICELIB)
                   dskxv_c         (CSPICE)
                   cspice_dskxv    (ICY and MICE)

`--` a new routine to compute a ray-surface intercept using data provided by multiple loaded DSK segments, returning information about the source of the data defining the surface on which the intercept was found:

                   DSKXSI          (SPICELIB)
                   dskxsi_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_dskxsi   (ICY and MICE)

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### New DSK Summary Routines

The N0066 version offers the following routines for getting a summary of the DSK file contents from within a user's application:

`--` a new routine to return the set of body ID codes of all objects for which data are provided in a DSK file:

                   DSKOBJ          (SPICELIB)
                   dskobj_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_dskobj   (ICY and MICE)

`--` a new routine to return the set of surface ID codes for all surfaces associated with a body in a DSK file:

                   DSKSRF          (SPICELIB)
                   dsksrf_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_dsksrf   (ICY and MICE)

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### New Type 2 DSK Bulk Read Routines

The N0066 version offers the following routines enabling retrieval of plate and vertex data stored in Type 2 DSK segments:

`--` a new routine to return plate model size parameters (plate count and vertex count) for a type 2 DSK segment:

                   DSKZ02          (SPICELIB)
                   dskz02_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_dskz02   (ICY and MICE)

`--` a new routine to return triangular plates from a type 2 DSK segment:

                   DSKP02          (SPICELIB)
                   dskp02_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_dskp02   (ICY and MICE)

`--` a new routine to return vertices from a type 2 DSK segment:

                   DSKV02          (SPICELIB)
                   dskv02_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_dskv02   (ICY and MICE)

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### New Surface Name/ID Mapping Routines

Each set of shape data in a DSK file is associated with a specified body. In order to efficiently and conveniently support simultaneous use of multiple versions of shape data for a given body, the data have an additional attribute called a ``surface ID.'' Surface IDs have associated names.

The surface name/ID subsystem supports the DSK subsystem by providing means to map between names and IDs of surfaces stored in DSK files. The N0066 version offers the following surface name/ID mapping routines:

`--` a new routine to translate a surface ID code, together with a body name, to the corresponding surface name:

                   SRFCSS          (SPICELIB)
                   srfcss_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_srfcss   (ICY and MICE)

`--` a new routine to translate a surface string, together with a body name, to the corresponding surface ID code:

                   SRFS2C          (SPICELIB)
                   srfs2c_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_srfs2c   (ICY and MICE)

`--` a new routine to translate a surface ID code, together with a body ID code, to the corresponding surface name:

                   SRFC2S          (SPICELIB)
                   srfc2s_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_srfc2s   (ICY and MICE)

`--` a new routine to translate a surface string, together with a body ID code, to the corresponding surface ID code:

                   SRFSCC          (SPICELIB)
                   srfscc_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_srfscc   (ICY and MICE)

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### Status of the Alpha DSK Toolkit

Alpha DSK Toolkit high-level ``pl02'' geometry software is now deprecated. Users of the Alpha DSK Toolkit are encouraged to migrate their application software to the new SPICE Toolkit APIs. In all cases, Alpha DSK high-level geometry APIs have been superseded by SPICE APIs with superior capabilities. In particular, the new APIs can seamlessly work with data sets distributed across multiple DSK files.

However, for convenience of Alpha DSK Toolkit users, the Alpha DSK geometry APIs are included in the SPICE Toolkit. There have been some changes to the sets of header files referenced by the C versions of those routines; other than that, the interfaces of the routines are unchanged.

The Alpha versions of the DLA and DSK type 2 routines are also included in the SPICE Toolkit and are considered official SPICE APIs. Aside from the exceptions cited below, interfaces are unchanged from the Alpha versions.

A few backward-compatibility violations do exist:

`--` The calling sequence of the DSK type 2 writing routine DSKW02 has changed.

`--` The routine DSKSGR is no longer provided.

The Alpha DSK versions of the utility programs MKDSK and DSKBRIEF have been upgraded and are included in the SPICE Toolkit.

DSKBRIEF upgrades include:

`--` The default display has been simplified. The old, detailed display can be invoked using the -full option.

`--` Multiple DSK files, and multiple segments within a DSK file, can be summarized together.

`--` Coverage bounds and coverage gaps can be displayed for multiple DSK files or multiple segments within a file.

`--` Names of supporting kernels that enable body, surface, and frame ID-to-name translation can be provided on the command line.

MDKSK upgrades include:

`--` The maximum output segment plate count has been increased to 32 million plates on Linux, Mac, and Solaris/Intel environments and to 10 million plates on Windows and Solaris/Sparc environments.

`--` Height grid input data are now supported.

`--` Latitudinal, planetodetic, and rectangular coordinate systems are supported.

`--` Voxel scales no longer need to be specified in the setup file; MKDSK will calculate them automatically.

`--` Execution speed of the program has been improved.

`--` The user can command generation of a vertex-plate mapping.

`--` Fixes of bugs in the setup file error handling code.

The DSK file format introduced in 2010 is unchanged and will remain backward-compatible going forward. The only planned changes are additions of new data types.

Run-time translation of old DSK files is now supported, as it is for all DAS files.

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### New Alpha-DSK Backwards Compatibility Routines

Solely for backwards compatibility reasons the N0066 version offers the Type 2 DSK specific routines shown below that were a part of the Alpha-DSK toolkit routine set. These routines are deprecated and superseded by other DSK-enabled high-level routines. These routines are not available in FORTRAN toolkits.

`--` in CSPICE:

                   illum_pl02            illum_plid_pl02
                   limb_pl02             llgrid_pl02
                   subpt_pl02            subsol_pl02
                   term_pl02

`--` in ICY and MICE:

                   cspice_illum_pl02     cspice_illum_plid_pl02
                   cspice_limb_pl02      cspice_llgrid_pl02
                   cspice_subpt_pl02     cspice_subsol_pl02
                   cspice_term_pl02

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### New DSK Mid-Level, Low-Level, and Utility Routines

The following additional public DSK mid-level, low-level, and utility routines are available in the N0066 toolkit:

`--` in SPICELIB:

                   DSKB02            DSKCLS            DSKD02
                   DSKGD             DSKGTL            DSKI02
                   DSKMI2            DSKN02            DSKOPN
                   DSKRB2            DSKSTL            DSKW02
                   DSKX02            PLTAR             PLTEXP
                   PLTNP             PLTNRM            PLTVOL

`--` in CSPICE:

                   dskb02_c          dskcls_c          dskd02_c
                   dskgd_c           dskgtl_c          dski02_c
                   dskmi2_c          dskn02_c          dskopn_c
                   dskrb2_c          dskstl_c          dskw02_c
                   dskx02_c          pltar_c           pltexp_c
                   pltnp_c           pltnrm_c          pltvol_c

`--` in ICY and MICE:

                   cspice_dskb02     cspice_dskcls     cspice_dskd02
                   cspice_dskgd      cspice_dskgtl     cspice_dski02
                   cspice_dskmi2     cspice_dskn02     cspice_dskopn
                   cspice_dskrb2     cspice_dskstl     cspice_dskw02
                   cspice_dskx02     cspice_pltar      cspice_pltexp
                   cspice_pltnp      cspice_pltnrm     cspice_pltvol

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### New DLA File Format and Routines

SPICE DSK files are built upon an intermediate-level file format that sits between the levels of the DSK and DAS formats: DAS Linked Array (DLA). The DLA format enables applications to view DAS files as a doubly-linked list of ``arrays,'' where each array consists of data occupying three sequences of of contiguous DAS character, integer, and double precision addresses.

The data in a DSK file are organized into one or more ``segments''; each segment contains data for a specified body, spatial region and time interval. DSK segments are implemented as DLA arrays.

DSK data type-dependent routines, such as those that fetch vertices from a plate model, operate on DSK segments. DLA APIs are used to traverse DSK files and locate DSK segments so that the segments can be referenced by type-dependent DSK routines.

The following public DLA routines are available in the N0066 toolkit:

`--` in SPICELIB:

                   DLABBS            DLABFS            DLABNS
                   DLAENS            DLAFNS            DLAFPS
                   DLAOPN            DLASSG

`--` in CSPICE:

                   dlabbs_c          dlabfs_c          dlafns_c
                   dlafps_c

`--` in ICY and MICE:

                   cspice_dlabfs     cspice_dlafns

See the DLA Required Reading document, dla.req, for details. See the API documentation of DSK type 2 routines and DLA routines for complete example programs that demonstrate use of the routines.

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### Other New SPICELIB Interfaces

The following new APIs were added to SPICELIB:

                   EDNMPT            EDPNT            INCNSG
                   INSANG            NPSGPT           OSCLTX
                   XDDA

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### Other New CSPICE Interfaces

The following new APIs were added to CSPICE:

                   chbder_c          cleard_c         dasdc_c
                   dashfn_c          dasopw_c         dasrfr_c
                   hrmint_c          lgrind_c         oscltx_c
                   pckcls_c          pckopn_c         pckw02_c
                   polyds_c

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### Other New Icy and Mice Interfaces

A few APIs were added to Icy and Mice to make the sets of Icy and Mice routines be more closely aligned with the sets available in toolkits for other languages:

                  cspice_bodfnd
                  cspice_ccifrm
                  cspice_dascls
                  cspice_dasec
                  cspice_dasopr
                  cspice_lspcn
                  cspice_pckcov
                  cspice_pckfrm
                  cspice_spkuds (ICY only)
                  cspice_srfrec

The following global parameter scripts were added to Icy:

                   DSKIcy02.pro
                   DSKIcyUser.pro
                   DSKtol.pro

The following global parameter scripts were added to Mice:

                   DSKMice02.m
                   DSKMiceUser.m
                   DSKtol.m

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### SPK 10 Evaluator Update to Use Vallado Propagator

NAIF added a TLE propagator based on the algorithms published by Vallado et. al. (2006).

       Vallado, David, Crawford, Paul, Hujsak, Richard,
       and Kelso, T.S. 2006. Revisiting Spacetrack Report #3. Paper
       AIAA 2006-6753 presented at the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics
       Specialist Conference, August 21-24, 2006. Keystone, CO.

Starting with the toolkit version N0066 the SPK subsystem uses this new propagator to evaluate TLE Type 10 SPKs. Note that because the routines implementing the Vallado propagator use some leapsecond constants, loading an LSK is now required in order to read any TLE Type 10 SPKs.

The Spacetrack #3 (Hoots 1980) based TLE propagation routines used in Toolkit version N0065 and earlier remain part of the Toolkit.

       Hoots, F. R., and Roehrich, R. L. 1980. "Models for
       Propagation of the NORAD Element Sets." Spacetrack Report #3.
       U.S. Air Force: Aerospace Defense Command.

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### Text PCK-based Frames Performance Improvement

The SPICELIB routines TISBOD, TIPBOD, and BODMAT computing natural body body-fixed frame orientations based on the text PCK data and used by the SPICE frames subsystem were modified to significantly speed up their execution. As with the N0065 speedup improvements, these changes have been designed around the premise that the contents of the SPICELIB's POOL data buffer are not frequently modified via loading/unloading kernels or via direct POOL data insertion/deletion APIs during the program execution. Applications that constantly alter the POOL will not see any significant speedup and in some cases may even see a slight performance degradation (no more that 5 percent).

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### SPK Type 19, subtype 2

SPK type 19 subtype 2 has been provided to support accurate duplication by the SPICE SPK subsystem of spacecraft ephemeris data used by the European Space Agency (ESA) on the Mars Express, Rosetta, SMART-1 and Venus Express missions. Subtype 2 supports Hermite interpolation of 6-element packets consisting of position and velocity data.

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### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to or changed in the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -28   JUPITER ICY MOONS EXPLORER
               -28   JUICE
               -49   LUCY
               -62   EMM
               -62   EMIRATES MARS MISSION
               -65   MCOA
               -65   MARCO-A
               -66   MCOB
               -66   MARCO-B
               -68   MERCURY MAGNETOSPHERIC ORBITER
               -68   MMO
               -68   BEPICOLOMBO MMO
               -69   PSYC
               -76   CURIOSITY
              -117   EDL DEMONSTRATOR MODULE
              -117   EDM
              -117   EXOMARS 2016 EDM
              -121   MERCURY PLANETARY ORBITER
              -121   MPO
              -121   BEPICOLOMBO MPO
              -143   TRACE GAS ORBITER
              -143   TGO
              -143   EXOMARS 2016 TGO
              -152   CH2
              -152   CHANDRAYAAN-2
              -159   EURC
              -159   EUROPA CLIPPER
              -198   NASA-ISRO SAR MISSION
              -198   NISAR
              -301   HELIOS 1
              -302   HELIOS 2

       Satellites:

               553   DIA

       Asteroids:

           2000016   PSYCHE
           2101955   BENNU

The following built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been removed from the Toolkit:

              -159   EUROPA ORBITER

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### Built-in Body-Fixed Frames

The following built-in body-fixed frame was added to the list of frames hard-coded in the Toolkit:

                     IAU_BENNU

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## New and Updated Toolkit Application

Top

### DSKBRIEF

The DSKBRIEF program was added to the application set included in each SPICE toolkit. This program summarizes the contents of a SPICE DSK (digital shape kernel) file.

Compared to the Alpha-DSK version of the program DSKBRIEF upgrades include:

`--` The default display has been simplified. The old, detailed display can be invoked using the -full option.

`--` Multiple DSK files, and multiple segments within a DSK file, can be summarized together.

`--` Coverage bounds and coverage gaps can be displayed for multiple DSK files or multiple segments within a file.

`--` Names of supporting kernels that enable body, surface, and frame ID-to-name translation can be provided on the command line.

Refer to the DSKBRIEF User's Guide, dskbrief.ug, for more information about the program.

Top

### MKDSK

The MKDSK program was added to the application set included in each SPICE toolkit. This program creates a SPICE DSK (digital shape kernel) file from a text file containing surface shape and size data.

Compared to the Alpha-DSK version of the program MDKSK upgrades include:

`--` The maximum output segment plate count has been increased to 32 million plates on Linux, Mac, and Solaris/Intel environments and to 10 million plates on Windows and Solaris/Sparc environments.

`--` Height grid input data are now supported.

`--` Latitudinal, planetodetic, and rectangular coordinate systems are supported.

`--` Voxel scales no longer need to be specified in the setup file; MKDSK will calculate them automatically.

`--` Execution speed of the program has been improved.

`--` The user can command generation of a vertex-plate mapping.

`--` Fixes of bugs in the setup file error handling code.

Refer to the MKDSK User's Guide, mkdsk.ug, for more information about the program.

Top

### DSKEXP

The DSKEXP program was added to the application set included in each SPICE toolkit. This program enables SPICE Toolkit users to ``export'' data from a DSK file to any of a variety of simple, easily parsed text formats. This capability enables users to easily transform DSK files into formats required by other applications; it also makes it easy to inspect the data in a DSK file.

Refer to the DSKEXP User's Guide, dskexp.ug, for more information about the program.

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## Bug Fixes

Top

### SPICELIB -- BODEUL, TISBOD

These routines were updated to increase the room in the internal buffer to hold the maximum possible number of values of ``NUT_PREC_ANGLES'' consistent with the maximum possible numbers of values for other related PCK parameters.

Top

### SPICELIB -- CKE05

This routine was updated to update PRVPTR at the end of the quaternion sequence check for Hermite subtypes.

Top

### SPICELIB -- KEEPER/UNLOAD

This routine was updated to unload binary kernels via low-level unload routines only when those kernels have just one entry in the KEEPER database.

Top

### SPICELIB -- SUBPNT

This routine was updated to correctly initialize the values of saved input method in all cases.

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### SPICELIB -- XFMSTA

This routine was updated to not allow conversions to and from geodetic and planetographic coordinates for bodies with unequal equatorial radii. Previously it allowed such conversions even though these types of coordinates are not applicable to triaxial ellipsoids. In doing that it arbitrarily picked the first and the third radii to compute a body's flattening coefficient.

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### MKSPK

The MKSPK program was updated to not drop every 500th line of the input comment file to be written to the comment area and to correctly substitute values into some error messages.

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# Version 65 --- July 2014

Top

## Summary

This is a brief summary of what's new and updated in N0065, with the details about each item provided later in this section:

`--` support for some new environments and termination of some old environments

`--` new Geometry Finder (GF) interfaces -- illumination angle search, phase angle search, user-defined binary quantity search

`--` new high-level SPK APIs allowing one to specify the observer or target as a location with a constant position and velocity rather than as an ephemeris object

`--` new high-level APIs that check for occultation and in-Field-Of-View (FOV) conditions

`--` new high-level illumination angle routines

`--` new high-level reference frame transformation routine

`--` new high-level coordinate system transformation routine for states

`--` many Icy and Mice APIs that were formerly available only in SPICELIB and CSPICE

`--` new data types: SPK (19, 20, 21), PCK (20), and CK (6)

`--` performance improvements in the range of 10-50 percent for some types of use

`--` ability to load up to 5000 kernels

`--` increased buffers in the POOL and in SPK and CK segment search subsystems

`--` new built-in body name/ID code mappings and body-fixed reference frames

`--` a significant upgrade of utility SPKDIFF including the ability to sample SPK data

`--` updates to other toolkit utilities -- BRIEF, CKBRIEF, FRMDIFF, MKSPK, MSOPCK

`--` bug fixes in Toolkit and utility programs

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## Environments

Top

### New Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is now officially supported on these new environments:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          PC           CYGWIN        GFORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        GFORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 64bit

       CSPICE:

          PC           CYGWIN        gCC / 64bit

       Icy:

          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / IDL 8.x / 64bit

Top

### Deprecated Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is no longer supported on these environments:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          g77 / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        g77 / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Compaq (Digital) FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95 / 32bit

       CSPICE:

          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / 32bit

       Icy:

          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit

       Mice:

          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit

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### Complete List of Supported Environments

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0065 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN / 64bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           CYGWIN        GFORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        GFORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         g77 / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 64bit

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / 64bit
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC / 64bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 64bit

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 8.x / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 8.x / 64bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 8.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 8.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 7.x / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 7.x / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / IDL 8.x / 64bit

       Mice:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit

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### Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows

The scratch EK file issue in Icy on PC/Windows described in the N0061 section of this document persists in the N0065 version of the Toolkit.

Top

### Optimization on PC Linux, Intel FORTRAN, 32bit

The default optimization was turned off in the PC Linux, Intel FORTRAN, 32bit toolkit because of the bugs in the compiler versions available to NAIF.

Top

## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice Additions and Updates

Top

### New Geometry Finder (GF) Routines

The N0065 version offers a number of additional SPICE Geometry Finder (GF) subsystem interfaces.

`--` A new routine to determine time intervals over which a specified constraint on the observed phase, solar incidence, or emission angle at a specified target body surface point is met:

                   GFILUM          (SPICELIB)
                   gfilum_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_gfilum   (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to determine time intervals over which a specified constraint on the phase angle between an illumination source, a target, and observer body centers is met:

                   GFPA            (SPICELIB)
                   gfpa_c          (CSPICE)
                   cspice_gfpa     (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to override the default GF convergence value used in the high level GF routines:

                   GFSTOL          (SPICELIB)
                   gfstol_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_gfstol   (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to perform a GF search on a user defined boolean quantity (not available in ICY and MICE):

                   GFUDB           (SPICELIB)
                   gfudb_c         (CSPICE)

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### New SPK Constant Position/Velocity Observer/Target Routines

The N0065 version offers four high-level SPK routines using a location with a constant position or a constant velocity for either the observer or the target.

`--` A new routine to return the state of a specified target relative to an observer, where the observer has constant position in a specified reference frame. The observer's position is provided by the calling program rather than by loaded SPK files:

                   SPKCPO          (SPICELIB)
                   spkcpo_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_spkcpo   (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to return the state, relative to a specified observer, of a target having constant position in a specified reference frame. The target's position is provided by the calling program rather than by loaded SPK files:

                   SPKCPT          (SPICELIB)
                   spkcpt_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_spkcpt   (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to return the state of a specified target relative to an observer, where the observer has constant velocity in a specified reference frame. The observer's state is provided by the calling program rather than by loaded SPK files:

                   SPKCVO          (SPICELIB)
                   spkcvo_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_spkcvo   (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to return the state, relative to a specified observer, of a target having constant velocity in a specified reference frame. The target's state is provided by the calling program rather than by loaded SPK files:

                   SPKCVT          (SPICELIB)
                   spkcvt_c        (CSPICE)
                   cspice_spkcvt   (ICY and MICE)

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### New Occultation and in FOV Condition Routines

The N0065 version offers three high-level routines that check for occultation and in Field-Of-View (FOV) conditions.

`--` A new routine to determine if a specified ray is within the field-of-view (FOV) of a specified instrument at a given time:

                   FOVRAY           (SPICELIB)
                   fovray_c         (CSPICE)
                   cspice_fovray    (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to determine if a specified ephemeris object is within the field-of-view (FOV) of a specified instrument at a given time:

                   FOVTRG           (SPICELIB)
                   fovtrg_c         (CSPICE)
                   cspice_fovtrg    (ICY and MICE)

`--` A new routine to determine the occultation condition (not occulted, partially, etc.) of one target relative to another target as seen by an observer at a given time:

                   OCCULT           (SPICELIB)
                   occult_c         (CSPICE)
                   cspice_occult    (ICY and MICE)

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### New Illumination Angles Routines

The N0065 version offers two new high-level routines for computing illumination angles.

`--` A new routine to compute the illumination angles (phase, incidence, and emission) at a specified surface point of a target body with the illumination source ephemeris object specified by the caller:

                   ILLUMG           (SPICELIB)

`--` A new routine to compute the apparent phase angle for a target, observer, illuminator set of ephemeris objects:

                   PHASEQ           (SPICELIB)
                   phaseq_c         (CSPICE)
                   cspice_phaseq    (ICY and MICE)

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### New High-Level Frame Transformation Routine

The N0065 version offers a new high-level frame transformation routine.

`--` A new routine to return the 3x3 matrix that transforms position vectors from one specified frame at a specified epoch to another specified frame at another specified epoch:

                   PXFRM2           (SPICELIB)
                   pxfrm2_c         (CSPICE)
                   cspice_pxfrm2    (ICY and MICE)

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### New High-Level State Transformation Routine

The N0065 version offers a new high-level state transformation routine.

`--` A new routine to transform a state between coordinate systems (rectangular, cylindrical, latitudinal, spherical, geodetic planetographic):

                   XFMSTA            (SPICELIB)
                   xfmsta_c          (CSPICE)
                   cspice_xfmsta     (ICY and MICE)

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### Other New SPICELIB Interfaces

The following new APIs were added to SPICELIB:

                   BLTFRM          CHBIGR          KPLFRM
                   LJUCRS          SEPOOL          UDF

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### Other New CSPICE Interfaces

The following new APIs were added to CSPICE:

                   bltfrm_c        ccifrm_c        dafgh_c
                   edterm_c        eqncpv_c        kplfrm_c
                   qcktrc_c        spkpvn_c        spksfs_c
                   trcdep_c        trcnam_c        udf_c

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### Other New Icy Interfaces

A significant number of APIs were added to Icy to make the set of Icy routines be more closely aligned with the sets available in toolkits for other languages:

                   cspice_dafus            cspice_dascls
                   cspice_dasopr           cspice_dcyldr
                   cspice_dgeodr           cspice_dlatdr
                   cspice_dpgrdr           cspice_drdcyl
                   cspice_drdgeo           cspice_drdlat
                   cspice_drdpgr           cspice_drdsph
                   cspice_dsphdr           cspice_edterm
                   cspice_eqncpv           cspice_invort
                   cspice_spkpvn           cspice_spksfs
                   cspice_spkw17

The following global parameter scripts were added to Icy:

                   IcyUser.pro
                   IcyOccult.pro

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### Other New Mice Interfaces

A large number of APIs were added to Mice to make the set of Mice routines be more closely aligned with the sets available in toolkits for other languages:

                   cspice_cidfrm           cspice_cnmfrm
                   cspice_dafac            cspice_dafbbs
                   cspice_dafbfs           cspice_dafcls
                   cspice_dafcs            cspice_dafdc
                   cspice_dafec            cspice_daffna
                   cspice_daffpa           cspice_dafgda
                   cspice_dafgn            cspice_dafgs
                   cspice_dafopr           cspice_dafopw
                   cspice_dafus            cspice_dcyldr
                   cspice_dgeodr           cspice_dlatdr
                   cspice_dpgrdr           cspice_drdcyl
                   cspice_drdgeo           cspice_drdlat
                   cspice_drdpgr           cspice_drdsph
                   cspice_dsphdr           cspice_dvpool
                   cspice_edlimb           cspice_edterm
                   cspice_frame            cspice_frinfo
                   cspice_frmnam           cspice_inedpl
                   cspice_inelpl           cspice_inrypl
                   cspice_invort           cspice_namfrm
                   cspice_npedln           cspice_npelpt
                   cspice_nplnpt           cspice_pjelpl
                   cspice_pl2nvc           cspice_pl2nvp
                   cspice_pl2psv           cspice_psv2pl
                   cspice_spkcls           cspice_spkopn
                   cspice_spkpvn           cspice_spksfs
                   cspice_spkw08           cspice_surfpt
                   cspice_timdef_get       cspice_timdef_set
                   cspice_vprjp            cspice_vprjpi
                   cspice_vproj

The following global parameter scripts were added to Mice:

                   MiceUser.m
                   MiceOccult.m

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### SPK Type 19

SPK type 19 has been provided to support accurate duplication by the SPICE SPK subsystem of spacecraft ephemeris data used by the European Space Agency (ESA) on the Mars Express, Rosetta, SMART-1 and Venus Express missions. SPK type 19 is an enhanced version of SPK type 18. Type 19 enables creation of SPK files representing the same ephemerides that can be represented using type 18, but containing far fewer segments.

SPK Type 19 routines (available only in SPICELIB):

                   SPKE19          SPKR19          SPKS19
                   SPKW19

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### SPK Type 20

SPK data type 20 contains Chebyshev polynomial coefficients for the velocity of a body, relative to its center of motion, as a function of time. This data type is provided to accurately represent ``EPM'' ephemerides developed by the Institute of Applied Astronomy (IAA), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).

SPK Type 20 routines (available only in SPICELIB):

                   SPKE20          SPKR20          SPKS20
                   SPKW20

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### SPK Type 21

SPK data type 21 contains extended Modified Difference Arrays (MDA), also called ``difference lines.'' These data structures use the same mathematical trajectory representation as SPK data type 1, but type 21 allows use of larger, higher-degree MDAs.

SPK Type 21 routines (available only in SPICELIB):

                   SPKE21          SPKR21          SPKS21
                   SPKW21

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### PCK Type 20

PCK data type 20 contains Chebyshev polynomial coefficients for a specified set of Euler angle rates of a body-fixed, body-centered reference frame as a function of time.

This data type is provided to accurately represent ``EPM'' orientation data developed by the Institute of Applied Astronomy (IAA), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).

PCK Type 20 routines are available in SPICELIB:

                   PCKE20          PCKR20          PCKW20

PCK Type 20 writer function available in CSPICE:

                   spkw20_c

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### CK Type 6

CK type 6 has been provided to support accurate duplication by the SPICE CK subsystem of spacecraft attitude data used by the European Space Agency (ESA) on the Mars Express, Rosetta, SMART-1 and Venus Express missions.

CK type 6 is an enhanced version of CK type 5. Type 6 enables creation of CK files representing the same attitude data that can be represented using type 5, but containing far fewer segments.

CK Type 6 routines (available only in SPICELIB):

                   CKE06           CKGR06          CKMP06
                   CKNM06          CKR06           CKW06

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### SPKLTC

SPKLTC is used by the SPK subsystem to compute light time-corrected state vectors. SPKLTC was updated to ensure convergence when CN or XCN light time corrections are used. For these correction choices, the new algorithm also terminates early (after fewer than three iterations) when convergence is attained.

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### SPKW02, SPKW03, SPKW08, SPKW12

The segment writer routines SPKW02, SPKW03, SPKW08, and SPKW12 were updated to check the input polynomial degree; the maximum allowed degree was increased.

In these routines, there is now less strict error checking on the consistency of the time bounds of the input record set (determined by EPOCH1, STEP, and N) and the descriptor bounds FIRST and LAST. Now the descriptor end time may extend slightly beyond the stop time of the last input record.

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### Speedup

A number of core SPICELIB routines were modified to speed up their execution. Since most of these updates were in the body name/ID translation and reference frames subsystems, their effect will be most noticeable in programs that call high-level SPICE APIs that take body and frame names as inputs, and in high level APIs that perform operations with reference frames. On average users of these routines should see speedups from 10 to 50 percent depending on what SPICE APIs they call. Speed up will also be noticeable in loading meta-kernels with large numbers of kernels (hundreds of kernels).

Note that much of the speedup has been designed around the premise that the contents of the SPICELIB's POOL data buffer are not frequently modified via loading/unloading kernels or via direct POOL data insertion/deletion APIs during the program execution. Applications that constantly alter the POOL will not see any significant speedup and in some cases may even see a slight performance degradation (no more that 5 percent).

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### Maximum Number of Loaded Kernels

The maximum number of kernels that can be loaded by FURNSH has been increased from 1000 to 5000.

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### Kernel Pool Double Precision Buffer Limit

The maximum number of keywords that can be stored in the kernel POOL has been increased from 5003 to 26003. The maximum number of double precision values that can be stored in the kernel POOL has been increased from 200000 to 400000. The maximum number of character values that can be stored in the kernel POOL has been increased from 4000 to 15000.

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### CK Buffered Segment Limits

The maximum number of CK segments that can be buffered simultaneously has been increased 50000 to 100000.

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### SPK Buffered Segment Limits

The maximum number of SPK segments that can be buffered simultaneously has been increased 50000 to 100000.

Top

### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

              -750   SPRINT-AS
              -189   NSYT
              -189   INSIGHT
              -170   JWST
              -170   JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE
              -144   SOLO
              -144   SOLAR ORBITER
               -96   SPP
               -96   SOLAR PROBE PLUS
               -64   ORX
               -64   OSIRIS-REX
               -54   ARM
               -54   ASTEROID RETRIEVAL MISSION
               -12   LADEE
                -3   MOM
                -3   MARS ORBITER MISSION

       Planet Barycenter Aliases with ``_'':

                 0   SOLAR_SYSTEM_BARYCENTER
                 1   MERCURY_BARYCENTER
                 2   VENUS_BARYCENTER
                 3   EARTH_BARYCENTER
                 4   MARS_BARYCENTER
                 5   JUPITER_BARYCENTER
                 6   SATURN_BARYCENTER
                 7   URANUS_BARYCENTER
                 8   NEPTUNE_BARYCENTER
                 9   PLUTO_BARYCENTER

       Satellites:

               644   HYRROKKIN
               904   KERBEROS
               905   STYX

       Comets:

           1003228   C/2013 A1
           1003228   SIDING SPRING

       Asteroids:

           2000002   PALLAS
           2000511   DAVIDA

The following built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been removed from the Toolkit:

              -486   HERSCHEL
              -489   PLANCK
              -187   SOLAR PROBE

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### Built-in Body-Fixed Frames

The following built-in body-fixed frames were added to the list of frames hard-coded in the Toolkit:

                     IAU_CERES
                     IAU_PALLAS
                     IAU_LUTETIA
                     IAU_DAVIDA
                     IAU_STEINS

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## Toolkit Applications Updates

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### BRIEF

The BRIEF program was updated to sort tabular output by time when the new command line option ``-s'' is specified.

Refer to the BRIEF User's Guide, brief.ug, for more information about the program.

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### CKBRIEF

The CKBRIEF program was updated to display a summary for all CK files to be summarized as if the data were in a single CK file when the new command line option ``-a'' is specified. The internal CKBRIEF buffers were increased to allow the program to summarize CK files with larger numbers of segments.

Refer to the CKBRIEF User's Guide, ckbrief.ug, for more information about the program.

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### FRMDIFF

The FRMDIFF program was updated to determine default coverage from additional kernels if no primary kernels were provided (e.g. from the set of kernels or a meta-kernel provided with ``-k'' option) and to display the user-specified number of significant digits in numeric output when the new command line option ``-s'' is specified.

Refer to the FRMDIFF User's Guide, frmdiff.ug, for more information about the program.

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### MKSPK

The MKSPK program was updated to process additional TLE-specific setup keywords allowing user-specified output time coverage for TLE-based SPK, to sort input TLEs, and to eliminate duplicate TLE sets from the input.

Refer to the MKSPK User's Guide, MKSPK.ug, for more information about the program.

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### MSOPCK

The MSOPCK program was updated to check the time order of the input data when the new optional setup keyword CHECK_TIME_ORDER is specified.

Refer to the MSOPCK User's Guide, MSOPCK.ug, for more information about the program.

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### SPKDIFF

The SPKDIFF program has gone through a major upgrade to make its functionality scope be similar to that of FRMDIFF, including the ability to sample trajectory data from specified SPKs and SPK sets, the ability to determine default coverage windows and work with SPKs and SPK sets that have gaps in coverage, the ability to display SPK coverage and gap summaries, and so on.

Refer to the SPKDIFF User's Guide, SPKDIFF.ug, for more information about the program.

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## Bug Fixes

Top

### SPICELIB -- SPKBSR, CKBSR, PCKBSR

These routines were updated to correct a logic error, common to all three routines, affecting their behavior in cases where their segment buffers were too small to store all requested segment coverage information.

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### SPICELIB -- CKE05

The CKE05 routine was updated to no longer perform quaternion sign adjustment for the Hermite subtypes (0 and 2). If a sign adjustment is needed for quaternions belonging to a record of Hermite subtype, an error is signaled. Sign adjustment is still performed for the Lagrange subtypes.

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### SPICELIB -- CKMETA

If a previously available CK_<ID>_SCLK or CK_<ID>_SPK variable that was used to populate a saved value disappears, the CKMETA routine now resets and returns the value based on the default rule rather than keeping and returning the stale POOL-based saved value. The routine now also deletes the kernel POOL watchers for the CK IDs that were bumped from its local buffer.

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### SPICELIB -- DASA2L

DASA2L was updated to correct an error that caused it to operate inefficiently in certain cases where multiple DAS files were read in an interleaved fashion. The routine was substantially re-written to improve efficiency and clarity.

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### SPICELIB -- CCIFRM

The CCIFRM logic was corrected to examine the built-in frames before looking at the kernel POOL frames.

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### SPICELIB -- NEARPT

The NEARPT routine now correctly computes an off-axis solution for the case of a prolate ellipsoid and a viewing point on the interior long axis.

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### SPICELIB -- SPKEZ/SPKEZP

The SPKEZ and SPKEZP routines were updated to reject all aberration corrections not supported by the SPK subsystem.

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### SPICELIB -- TIME CONVERSION

A number of checks for invalid time string inputs were added to the time conversion routines to signal an error rather that stopping the program due to a memory violation.

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### FRMDIFF

The FRMDIFF program was updated to signal an error in cases when a computed matrix does not represent a rotation (e.g. for left-handed frames.)

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### MKSPK

The MKSPK program was updated to process input TLE lines with spacecraft code left-padded with zeros to five digits. It was also updated to adjust the longitude of the ascending node and argument of periapse for the time of the nearest periapsis for elliptic orbit cases for type 15 inputs that are not given at the time of periapsis.

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### MSOPCK

The MSOPCK program was updated to compute the clock rate to be stored in type 2 output segments as the average rate for the input record endpoints rather than the average rate computed by averaging all rate values fetched from the loaded SCLK coefficient table.

The program's down-sampling end-point selection algorithm was changed to not consider end-point quaternions that are close to 180 degrees apart to prevent cases in which the quaternion and matrix interpolation algorithms produce rotations in the opposite directions due to numerical differences in their algorithms.

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# Version 64 --- June 2010

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## Environments

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### New Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is now officially supported on these new environments:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN / 64bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 32bit

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 64bit

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 7.x / 64bit

       Mice:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit

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### Complete List of Supported Environments

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0064 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN / 64bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN / 32bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          g77 / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        g77 / 32bit
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Linux         g77 / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Compaq (Digital) FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN / 32bit
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN / 64bit
          PC           Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95 / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN FORTRAN / 32bit

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / 64bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / 32bit
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 32bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / 64bit

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 7.x / 64bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 6.4 / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 7.x / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 7.x / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 7.x / 64bit

       Mice:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          Sun/Intel    Solaris       SUN C / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit

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### Dynamically Linked Executables

For some environments precompiled executables provided in the generic Toolkit packages and additional utility program executables provided on the Utilities page on the NAIF Web site (http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/utilities.html) are dynamically linked and, in order to run, require certain dynamic libraries, usually provided with the compiler used to build the executables, to be installed on the user's system. This applies to most Mac/OSX, PC/Linux and Sun/Solaris environments.

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### Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing

The Lahey memory issue related to file opening/closing described in the N0061 section of this document persists in the N0064 version of the Toolkit.

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### Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows

The scratch EK file issue in Icy on PC/Windows described in the N0061 section of this document persists in the N0064 version of the Toolkit.

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## Geometry Finder (GF) Subsystem

The N0064 version offers a number of additional SPICE Geometry Finder (GF) subsystem interfaces.

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### SPICELIB High-Level GF APIs

The following High-Level GF APIs were added to SPICELIB:

          GFRR            determines time intervals when a specified
                          constraint on the observer-target range rate
                          is met.

          GFUDS           performs a GF search on a user defined scalar
                          quantity. This API is supported by two
                          additional routines UDDC and UDDF.

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### CSPICE High-Level GF APIs

The following High-Level GF APIs were added to CSPICE:

          gfrr_c          determines time intervals when a specified
                          constraint on the observer-target range rate
                          is met.

          gfuds_c         performs a GF search on a user defined scalar
                          quantity. This API is supported by two
                          additional functions uddc_c and uddf_c.

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### Icy and Mice High-Level GF APIs

The following High-Level GF APIs were added to Icy and Mice:

          cspice_gfrr     determines time intervals when a specified
                          constraint on the observer-target range rate
                          is met.

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice

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### Kernel Pool Variable Name Length Check

The routines loading SPICE text kernel files now include a check on the length of the kernel pool variable names. The error SPICE(BADVARNAME) is signaled if the length of any variable provided in the text kernel file exceeds 32 characters. Regardless of language, all Toolkits inherit this behavior.

Top

### CK Buffered Segment Limits

The maximum number of CK segments that can be buffered simultaneously has been increased to 50000.

Top

### SPK Buffered Segment Limits

The maximum number of SPK segments that can be buffered simultaneously has been increased to 50000.

Top

### Kernel Pool Double Precision Buffer Limit

The maximum number of double precision values that can be stored in the kernel pool has been increased to 200000.

Top

### SCLK Coefficient Record Limit

The maximum number of SCLK coefficient records that can be buffered has been increased to 50000. This is also the limit on the number of coefficient records that can be stored in an SCLK kernel.

Top

### CK writer quaternion magnitude check

The quaternion magnitude check performed in the CK writers

       CKW01 (ckw01_c in CSPICE) (cspice_ckw01 in Icy and Mice)
       CKW02 (ckw02_c in CSPICE) (cspice_ckw02 in Icy and Mice)
       CKW03 (ckw03_c in CSPICE) (cspice_ckw03 in Icy and Mice)
       CKW05 (ckw05_c in CSPICE)

has been relaxed from checking for a magnitude ``close'' to 1 to simply ensuring that the input quaternions are non-zero.

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### New SPICELIB Interfaces

The following 3d and 6d vector APIs were added to SPICELIB:

          dvnorm          calculates the derivative of the norm of a
                          3-vector.

          dhfa            calculates the value of the time derivative
                          of the half angle of a spherical body given
                          a state vector and body radius.

The following auxiliary APIs were added to SPICELIB:

          bodc2s          translates a body ID code to either the
                          corresponding name, or if no name to ID code
                          mapping exists, the string representation
                          of the body ID value.

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### New CSPICE Interfaces

The following 3d and 6d vector APIs were added to CSPICE:

          ducrss_c        computes the unit vector parallel to the
                          cross product of two 3-dimensional vectors,
                          and the derivative of this unit vector.

          dvcrss_c        computes the cross product of two
                          3-dimensional vectors and the derivative of
                          this cross product.

          dvnorm_c        calculates the derivative of the norm of a
                          3-vector.

The following lower-level DAF access APIs were added to CSPICE:

          dafgsr_c        reads a portion of the contents of a summary
                          record in a DAF file.

          dafrfr_c        reads the contents of the file record of
                          a DAF.

The following auxiliary APIs were added to CSPICE:

          bodc2s_c        translates a body ID code to either the
                          corresponding name, or if no name to ID code
                          mapping exists, the string representation
                          of the body ID value.

          dp2hx_c         converts a double precision number to an
                          equivalent character string using base 16
                          ``scientific notation.''

          hx2dp_c         converts a string representing a double
                          precision number in a base 16 ``scientific
                          notation'' into its equivalent double
                          precision number.

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### New Icy Interfaces

The following 3d and 6d vector APIs were added to Icy:

          cspice_ducrss   computes the unit vector parallel to the
                          cross product of two 3-dimensional vectors
                          and the derivative of this unit vector.

          cspice_dvcrss   computes the cross product of two
                          3-dimensional vectors and the derivative of
                          this cross product.

          cspice_dvnorm   calculates the derivative of the norm of a
                          3-vector.

          cspice_dvsep    calculates the time derivative of the
                          separation angle between states.

The following auxiliary APIs were added to Icy:

          cspice_bodc2s   translates a body ID code to either the
                          corresponding name or if no name to ID code
                          mapping exists, the string representation
                          of the body ID value.

          cspice_dp2hx    converts a double precision number to an
                          equivalent character string using base 16
                          ``scientific notation.''

          cspice_hx2dp    converts a string representing a double
                          precision number in a base 16 ``scientific
                          notation'' into its equivalent double
                          precision number.

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### New Mice Interfaces

The following 3d and 6d vector APIs were added to Mice:

          cspice_ducrss   computes the unit vector parallel to the
                          cross product of two 3-dimensional vectors
                          and the derivative of this unit vector.

          cspice_dvcrss   computes the cross product of two
                          3-dimensional vectors and the derivative of
                          this cross product.

          cspice_dvdot    computes the time derivative of the dot
                          product of two position vectors.

          cspice_dvhat    calculates the unit vector corresponding
                          to a state or states and the derivative of
                          the unit vector.

          cspice_dvnorm   calculates the derivative of the norm of a
                          3-vector.

          cspice_dvsep    calculates the time derivative of the
                          separation angle between states.

          cspice_vnorm    returns the magnitude of a double
                          precision, 3-dimensional array or set of
                          such arrays.

          cspice_vperp    calculates the component of a vector
                          perpendicular to a second vector.

The following EK-access APIs were added to Mice:

          cspice_ekfind   finds E-kernel data that satisfy a set of
                          constraints.

          cspice_eknelt   returns the number of elements in a
                          specified column entry in the current row.

          cspice_ekgc     returns an element of string (character)
                          data from a specified row in a specified
                          column of the set of rows matching
                          the previous cspice_ekfind query.

          cspice_ekgd     returns an element of double precision
                          data from a specified row in a specified
                          column of the set of rows matching
                          the previous cspice_ekfind query.

          cspice_ekgi     returns an element of integer
                          data from a specified row in a specified
                          column of the set of rows matching
                          the previous cspice_ekfind query.

The following time conversion APIs were added to Mice:

          cspice_unitim   returns the double precision value of
                          an input epoch converted from one uniform
                          time scale to another.

The following auxiliary APIs were added to Mice:

          cspice_bodc2s   translates a body ID code to either the
                          corresponding name, or if no name to ID code
                          mapping exists, the string representation
                          of the body ID value.

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### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

                -5   AKATSUKI
                -5   VCO
              -121   BEPICOLOMBO
              -177   GRAIL-A
              -181   GRAIL-B
              -202   MAVEN
              -205   SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
              -205   SMAP
              -362   RADIATION BELT STORM PROBE A
              -362   RBSP_A
              -363   RADIATION BELT STORM PROBE B
              -363   RBSP_B

       Satellites:

               550   HERSE
               653   AEGAEON

       Comets:

           1000093   TEMPEL_1

       Asteroids:

           2000021   LUTETIA
           2004179   TOUTATIS

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## Documentation

Top

### Overwriting Input Arguments Not Allowed

The following SPICELIB routines were designed to allow applications to call them in such a way that input arguments could overwrite output arguments. However, this usage is a violation of the Fortran 77 standard; it also causes failures in some environments when SPICELIB is compiled with optimization (currently SPICELIB is optimized only for Intel Fortran environments). So, the header documentation of affected SPICELIB routines has been updated to not suggest this calling technique. The affected routines are:

       CYCLAD  CYCLAI  DUCRSS  DVCRSS  INVERT  INVSTM  MTXM
       MTXV    MXM     MXMT    MXV     PACKAC  PACKAD  PACKAI
       ROTMAT  ROTVEC  SAELGV  UNORM   UNORMG  VADD    VADDG
       VCRSS   VHATG   VMINUG  VMINUS  VPROJ   VPROJG  VSCL
       VSCLG   VSUB    VSUBG   XPOSBL  XPOSE   XPOSEG

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## Bug Fixes

Top

### Kernel Pool Watcher Deletion in TKFRAM

The watcher deletion algorithm has been corrected to delete watchers only when the variables they watch are dumped from the local buffer.

Top

### Frame Change in CKGP

CKGP now computes the transformation from the requested frame to the applicable CK segment's base frame via a call to REFCHG. Formerly CKGP performed this transformation using FRMCHG, which required that angular velocity data describing the relative motion of these frames be available.

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### ROTGET Dynamic Frame ID

ROTGET formerly passed the frame class ID rather than the frame ID to private routine ZZDYNROT, which handles dynamic frame transformations. Since by convention these IDs are identical for dynamic frames, the error had no practical effect. The error has been corrected. The shadow private routine ZZROTGT0 has been corrected as well. Note that the error does not apply to the second-level private shadow routine ZZROTGT1.

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### ZZEKQCON Initialization Error

The private routine ZZEKQCON could in some cases access uninitialized variables when working with null column entries. This has been corrected.

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### ZZEKRD03 Memory Violation Error

The private routine ZZEKRD03 had a bug that caused it to overwrite local memory. Prior to the N0064 version of SPICELIB, this error had been benign on all supported platforms. The error has been corrected.

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### EK Strings Longer Than 1024 Characters

Although the EK Required Reading states that variable-length strings in EK columns are limited to 1024 characters in length, the EK writer routines don't enforce this limit, and some users have created kernels that violate the limit. Various routines that support EK query and fetch operations had assumed that the limit was in effect and were subject to substring boundary violations when these long strings were encountered. In addition, the semantics of string comparisons for excessively long strings were undefined.

A compromise solution was selected: EK routines that perform variable-length EK column entry string comparisons now treat only the first 1024 characters of strings as significant.

The following private routines were updated to effect this change:

       ZZEKECMP
       ZZEKFRX
       ZZEKSCMP
       ZZEKVMCH

This fix also corrects the substring boundary violations.

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### RETURN Mode Logic in Various Routines

The following routines were corrected to ensure that they avoid making branch decisions based on uninitialized data after encountering a SPICE error while in RETURN mode:

       ILUMIN
       SPKAPO
       SPKEZ
       SUBPNT
       SUBSLR
       ZZSPKEZ0
       ZZSPKEZ1

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# Version 63 --- April 2009

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## Environments

Top

### New Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is now officially supported on these new environments:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN

       Icy:

          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 6.4 / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 6.4 / 64bit

       Mice:

          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit

Top

### Complete List of Supported Environments

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0063 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN
          Mac/Intel    OS-X          GFORTRAN
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          g77
          PC           CYGWIN        g77
          PC           Linux         g77
          PC           Linux         GFORTRAN
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Compaq Visual (Digital) FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95
          Sun          Solaris       SUN FORTRAN

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC
          PC           Linux         gCC / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 6.4 / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 6.4 / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit

       Mice:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit

Top

### Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing

The Lahey memory issue related to file opening/closing described in the N0061 section of this document still persists in the N0063 version of the Toolkit.

Top

### Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows

The scratch EK file issue in Icy on PC/Windows described in the N0061 section of this document still persists in the N0063 version of the Toolkit.

Top

## Geometry Finder (GF) Subsystem

The N0063 version offers the first official release of the initial set of the SPICE Geometry Finder (GF) subsystem interfaces. The GF subsystem answers questions such as:

`--` find the time(s) or time span(s) when a selected orbital geometric condition is "true" (e.g. a condition such as an occultation or transit)

`--` find the time(s) or time span(s) when a specified geometric quantity, such as range or phase angle, is within a specified range.

The GF Required Reading document, gf.req, provides a comprehensive description of the GF subsystem and its high-, mid-, and low-level APIs and includes numerous usage examples.

For your convenience, the language-specific high-level GF APIs included in this release are listed in the three subsections below.

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### SPICELIB High-Level GF APIs

SPICELIB High-Level GF APIs for finding times of events satisfying numerical constraints are:

          GFDIST          determines time intervals when a specified
                          constraint on observer-target distance is met.

          GFPOSC          determines time intervals when a coordinate of an
                          observer-target position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

          GFSEP           determines time intervals when the angular
                          separation between the position vectors of two
                          target bodies relative to an observer satisfies a
                          numerical relationship.

          GFSNTC          determines time intervals when a coordinate of a
                          ray-surface intercept position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

          GFSUBC          determines time intervals when a coordinate of a
                          sub-observer point position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

SPICELIB High-Level GF APIs for finding times of events satisfying FOV constraints are:

          GFRFOV          determines time intervals when a specified ray
                          intersects the space bounded by the field-of-view
                          (FOV) of a specified instrument.

          GFTFOV          determines time intervals when a specified
                          ephemeris object intersects the space bounded by
                          the field-of-view (FOV) of a specified
                          instrument.

SPICELIB High-Level GF APIs for finding times of occultations are:

          GFOCLT          determines time intervals when an observer sees
                          one target occulted by another.

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### CSPICE High-Level GF APIs

CSPICE High-Level GF APIs for finding times of events satisfying numerical constraints are:

          gfdist_c        determines time intervals when a specified
                          constraint on observer-target distance is met.

          gfposc_c        determines time intervals when a coordinate of an
                          observer-target position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

          gfsep_c         determines time intervals when the angular
                          separation between the position vectors of two
                          target bodies relative to an observer satisfies a
                          numerical relationship.

          gfsntc_c        determines time intervals when a coordinate of a
                          ray-surface intercept position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

          gfsubc_c        determines time intervals when a coordinate of a
                          sub-observer point position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

CSPICE High-Level GF APIs for finding times of events satisfying FOV constraints are:

          gfrfov_c        determines time intervals when a specified ray
                          intersects the space bounded by the field-of-view
                          (FOV) of a specified instrument.

          gftfov_c        determines time intervals when a specified
                          ephemeris object intersects the space bounded by
                          the field-of-view (FOV) of a specified
                          instrument.

CSPICE High-Level GF APIs for finding times of occultations are:

          gfoclt_c        determines time intervals when an observer sees
                          one target occulted by another.

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### Icy and Mice High-Level GF APIs

Icy and Mice High-Level GF APIs for finding times of events satisfying numerical constraints are:

          cspice_gfdist   determines time intervals when a specified
                          constraint on observer-target distance is met.

          cspice_gfposc   determines time intervals when a coordinate of an
                          observer-target position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

          cspice_gfsep    determines time intervals when the angular
                          separation between the position vectors of two
                          target bodies relative to an observer satisfies a
                          numerical relationship.

          cspice_gfsntc   determines time intervals when a coordinate of a
                          ray-surface intercept position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

          cspice_gfsubc   determines time intervals when a coordinate of a
                          sub-observer point position vector satisfies a
                          numerical constraint.

Icy and Mice High-Level GF APIs for finding times of events satisfying FOV constraints are:

          cspice_gfrfov   determines time intervals when a specified ray
                          intersects the space bounded by the field-of-view
                          (FOV) of a specified instrument.

          cspice_gftfov   determines time intervals when a specified
                          ephemeris object intersects the space bounded by
                          the field-of-view (FOV) of a specified
                          instrument.

Icy and Mice High-Level GF APIs for finding times of occultations are:

          cspice_gfoclt   determines time intervals when an observer sees
                          one target occulted by another.

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice

Top

### SURFPV/surfpv_c (SPICELIB/CSPICE only)

The SURFPV routine (surfpv_c in SPICE) finding the state (position and velocity) of the surface intercept defined by a specified ray, ray velocity, and ellipsoid was added to the Toolkit.

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### DVSEP/dvsep_c (SPICELIB/CSPICE only)

The DVSEP function (dvsep_c in CSPICE) calculating the time derivative of the separation angle between two input states was added to the Toolkit.

Top

### GETFOV

The header of the GETFOV routine (getfov_c in CSPICE, cspice_getfov in Icy and Mice) was updated to provide a comprehensive specification of the IK keywords used to define FOVs and to include more practical examples of FOV definitions.

Top

### FURNSH

The FURNSH routine (furnsh_c in CSPICE, cspice_furnsh in Icy and Mice) was updated to support continued path values and to reject files with names longer than 255 characters.

Top

### Improved Error Messages from PXFORM/SXFORM

The formerly rather cryptic error messages ``There is insufficient information available to transform from ... to frame ....'' generated by PXFORM/SXFORM (pxform_c/sxform_c in CSPICE, cspice_pxform/cspice_sxform in Icy and Mice) have been improved to provide more context and to suggest what SPICE data may be missing.

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### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -5    PLC
               -5    PLANET-C
               -68   MMO
               -68   MERCURY MAGNETOSPHERIC ORBITER
               -69   MPO
               -69   MERCURY PLANETARY ORBITER
              -140   EPOCH
              -140   DIXI

       Asteroids:

           2002867   STEINS

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## Mice (MATLAB interface to CSPICE) Only

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### New Interfaces

NAIF added the following interfaces to Mice for this release:

       cspice_cgv2el
       cspice_el2cgv
       cspice_lmpool
       cspice_nvc2pl
       cspice_nvp2pl
       cspice_saelgv
       cspice_vrotv
       cspice_wncard
       cspice_wnsumd
       cspice_wnvald

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## New and Updated Applications

Top

### FRMDIFF

The FRMDIFF program was added to the application set included in each SPICE toolkit. This program samples orientation of a reference frame known to SPICE or computes differences between orientations of two reference frames known to SPICE, and either displays this orientation or these differences, or shows statistics about it or them.

Refer to the FRMDIFF User's Guide, frmdiff.ug, for more information about the program.

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### CKBRIEF

The CKBRIEF program was updated to display names of the frames associated with CK IDs when the new command line option ``-n'' is specified. The help information that the program displays when the command line option ``-h'' is specified was updated for clarity and contents.

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## Documentation

Top

### Language Specific Required Reading Documents

The following Required Reading documents have been adapted for Icy and Mice:

       gf.req
       frames.req
       kernel.req
       naif_ids.req
       time.req
       windows.req

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### CKBRIEF User's Guide

The CKBRIEF User's Guide, ckbrief.ug, was fully rewritten to describe new features added to the program and to provide examples illustrating all aspects of the program's functionality.

Top

## Bug Fixes

Top

### SINCPT, SRFXPT

The routines SINCPT and SRFXPT were modified to not perform the quick test for non-intersection when observer-target distance is less than target's maximum radius.

Top

### POOL Watchers

A new POOL entry point DWPOOL (delete watch from pool) has been added. This routine deletes a specified agent from all POOL data structures that associate kernel variables and agents.

Watcher overflow detection logic has been corrected in SWPOOL.

In the following routines, watched kernel variables are no longer considered to be buffered when a lookup of one of these variables fails:

       BODC2N (via changes to ZZBODTRN)
       BODDEF (via changes to ZZBODTRN)
       BODN2C (via changes to ZZBODTRN)
       SCPART
       SCTYPE
       SCTK01 (SC01 entry point)
       SCFM01 (SC01 entry point)
       SCTE01 (SC01 entry point)
       SCET01 (SC01 entry point)
       SCEC01 (SC01 entry point)
       TTRANS
       UNITIM

Top

### Frame subsystem

TKFRAM has been updated to use DWPOOL when it deletes a frame specification from its internal buffer; this corrects a bug that caused the watcher system to overflow when a large number of TK frame specifications were used.

Top

### Error handling

OUTMSG has been updated so that it correctly displays very long strings that have been substituted into the long error message.

Top

### Non-printing Character Detection in Time System

The low-level time string parser routines called by STR2ET (str2et_c in CSPICE, cspice_str2et in Icy and Mice), UTC2ET (utc2et_c in CSPICE, cspice_utc2et in Icy and Mice), and TPARSE (tparse_c in CSPICE, cspice_tparse in Icy and Mice) were updated to detect non-printing characters with ASCII codes greater than 126.

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### MKSPK

The program was updated to prevent signaling an error due to round off in the computed time step when creating Type 8 or Type 12 SPK files.

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### CKBRIEF

Two bugs in CKRBIEF were fixed: hanging up when no value is provided after the ``-f'' option and displaying a warning message and an incomplete summary in case of an insufficient buffer space. In the latter case the program now displays an error message.

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# Version 62 --- March 2008

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## Environments

Top

### New Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is now officially supported on this new environment:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN

Top

### Complete List of Supported Environments

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0062 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          g77
          PC           CYGWIN        g77
          PC           Linux         g77
          PC           Linux         Intel FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Compaq Visual (Digital) FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95
          Sun          Solaris       SUN FORTRAN

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC
          PC           Linux         gCC / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / 64bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / 64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 6.4 / 32bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / IDL 6.4 / 32bit

       Mice:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Linux         gCC / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit
          PC           Windows       MS Visual C / MATLAB 7.x / 32bit

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### Use of -m32 Option

The CSPICE library provided with the CSPICE, Icy, and Mice toolkits for PC / Linux / gCC / 32bit environment compiles with the -m32 option to produce 32bit code when recompiled on a 64bit PC.

Top

### Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing

The Lahey memory issue related to file opening/closing described in the N0061 section of this document still persists in the N0062 version of the Toolkit.

Top

### Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows

The scratch EK file issue in Icy on PC/Windows described in the N0061 section of this document still persists in the N0062 version of the Toolkit.

Top

## Mice

The N0062 version offers the first official release of Mice, the ANSI based interface between the MATLAB environment, a product of Mathworks, Inc. (http://www.mathworks.com), and the CSPICE library. If you downloaded a Mice package, refer to ``mice.req'' document and to the Mice HTML documentation pointed to by ``doc/html/index.html'' for more details.

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy/Mice

Top

### New ``Surface Intercept'' routine SINCPT

Given an observer and a direction vector defining a ray, the new routine SINCPT (sincpt_c in CSPICE, cspice_sincpt in Icy and Mice) computes the surface intercept of the ray on a target body at a specified epoch, optionally corrected for light time and stellar aberration. This routine supersedes SRFXPT (srfxpt_c, cspice_srfxpt), which does not have an input argument for the target body-fixed frame name.

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### New ``Illumination Angles'' routine ILUMIN

The new routine ILUMIN (ilumin_c in CSPICE, cspice_ilumin in Icy and Mice) finds the illumination angles (phase, solar incidence, and emission) at a specified surface point of a target body. This routine supersedes ILLUM (illum_c, cspice_illum), which doesn't have an input argument for the target body-fixed frame name.

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### New ``Sub-observer Point'' routine SUBPNT

The new routine SUBPNT (subpnt_c in CSPICE, cspice_subpnt in Icy and Mice) computes the rectangular coordinates of the sub-observer point on a target body at a specified epoch, optionally corrected for light time and stellar aberration. This routine supersedes SUBPT (subpt_c, cspice_subpt), which does not have an input argument for the target body-fixed frame name.

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### New ``Sub-solar Point'' Routine SUBSLR

The new routine SUBSLR (subslr_c in CSPICE, cspice_subslr in Icy and Mice) computes the rectangular coordinates of the sub-solar point on a target body at a specified epoch, optionally corrected for light time and stellar aberration. This routine supersedes SUBSOL (subsol_c, cspice_subsol), which does not have an input argument for the target body-fixed frame name.

Top

### Improvements of Aberration Corrected Velocity in the SPK Subsystem

NAIF has upgraded the algorithms used by the SPICE Toolkit's SPK subsystem to improve the accuracy of certain velocity results returned by that subsystem. The new algorithms improve the accuracy of velocities that are corrected for light time alone, or both light time and stellar aberration. The new algorithms use the same non-relativistic models for aberration corrections as do the current SPK algorithms, but the new implementations of the velocity calculations are more accurate.

The changes improve the accuracy of certain derived quantities, including range rates and times of periapse or apoapse, when aberration corrections are used. These changes improve current SPICE computations as well as being necessary for implementation of the upcoming geometric event finding subsystem.

The changes do not affect the computation of aberration-corrected position vectors, nor do they affect uncorrected (``geometric'') states (position and velocity).

A few examples of the magnitudes of improvements afforded by the new algorithms are shown below. All velocities are inertially referenced.

`--` Range rate of the light time corrected position of the Moon as seen from the DSN station DSS-25: 1 cm/sec

`--` Range rate of the light time and stellar aberration corrected position of the Moon as seen from DSS-25: 13 cm/sec

`--` Range rate of the light time corrected position of Mars as seen from DSS-25: 55 cm/sec

`--` Range rate of the light time and stellar aberration corrected position of Mars as seen from DSS-25: 1.6 m/sec

`--` Range rate of the light time corrected position of Cassini as seen from DSS-25: 9 cm/sec

`--` Range rate of the light time and stellar aberration corrected position of Cassini as seen from DSS-25: 3.4 m/sec

`--` Velocity of the Neptune barycenter, as seen from DSS-25, corrected for light time: 25 cm/sec

`--` Velocity of the Neptune barycenter, as seen from DSS-25, corrected for light time and stellar aberration: 400 m/sec

Negative effects of the changes are

`--` Velocity computations using stellar aberration corrections are slower; the extent of the effect varies considerably depending on the inputs to the computations, but tests indicate that some common computations would be slower by a factor of 2.

But take note: since computation of aberration-corrected states is usually a small fraction of the computational workload of SPICE-based applications, the effect on the speed of SPICE-based applications is very small, and in a majority of cases would likely not be discernible at all.

Also note, the effect on speed of an application that simply ``reads'' state vectors from an SPK file is nil since aberration corrections are not used for this purpose.

`--` Using the upgraded algorithms would change outputs of some SPICE-based user applications. In these situations, a user's regression tests could be affected.

`--` If a user's application counts on the specific, current implementation of velocity aberration corrections, a problem could occur.

NAIF believes any possible negative consequences are outweighed by the benefits of improved accuracy.

Below we briefly describe the differences between the old and new aberration correction algorithms.

The previous SPK light time correction algorithms introduce errors by ignoring the rate of change of light time with respect to time. This occurs in two places:

`--` In computation of light-time corrected velocity referenced to inertial reference frames

`--` In computation of light-time corrected velocity referenced to non-inertial reference frames centered at an object other than the observer.

The new light time algorithms correct both of these errors.

SPICE supports stellar aberration correction only when light time correction is used as well.

Previously, the velocity returned when light time and stellar aberration corrections were used is identical to that returned when only light time correction is used.

The new algorithm computes light time and stellar aberration-corrected velocity as the derivative with respect to time of light time and stellar aberration-corrected position.

Top

### New SPK Routines

To support improvements to the SPK subsystem described above, three new SPK routines were added (described below). In most cases SPICE users would not call one of these routines, using the high-level APIs SPKEZR or SPKEZ instead. For the N0062 release these routines are available only in SPICELIB and CSPICE.

SPKACS
  The new routine SPKACS (spkacs_c in CSPICE) returns the state (position and velocity) of a target body relative to an observer, optionally corrected for light time and stellar aberration, expressed relative to an inertial reference frame.

SPKAPS
  Given the state and acceleration of an observer relative to the solar system barycenter, the new routine SPKAPS (spkaps_c in CSPICE) returns the state (position and velocity) of a target body relative to the observer, optionally corrected for light time and stellar aberration. All input and output vectors are expressed relative to an inertial reference frame.

SPKLTC
  The new routine SPKLTC (spkltc_c in CSPICE) returns the state (position and velocity) of a target body relative to an observer, optionally corrected for light time, expressed relative to an inertial reference frame.

Top

### New Binary PCK Coverage Routines PCKFRM and PCKCOV

The new PCK coverage determination routine PCKCOV (pckcov_c in CSPICE) provides an API with which an application can find the time period(s) during which a specified binary PCK file provides data for a specified reference frame. The coverage information is a set of disjoint time intervals returned in a SPICE ``window'' data structure.

The new PCK routine PCKFRM (pckfrm_c in CSPICE) provides an API via which an application can find the set of reference frames for which a specified binary PCK file contains data. The coverage information is returned in a SPICE ``set'' data structure.

For the N0062 release these routines are available only in SPICELIB and CSPICE.

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### New Routine WNCARD

The new routine WNCARD (wncard_c in CSPICE, cspice_wncard in Icy) returns the cardinality -- number of intervals -- of a SPICE ``window'' data structure.

For the N0062 release this routine is available only in SPICELIB, CSPICE, and Icy.

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### New Routine EDTERM

The new routine EDTERM computes a set of points on the umbral or penumbral terminator of a specified target body, where the target shape is modeled as an ellipsoid.

For the N0062 release this routine is available only in SPICELIB.

Top

### SCLK Buffer Size Increase

The sizes of the internal buffers in the SCLK subsystem have been increased to allow SCLK kernels to include up to 9,999 partitions.

Top

### TABs in Text Kernels

The low level routines called by the SPICE kernel loader routine FURNSH were modified to ignore TAB characters present in text kernels files on all supported environments.

Top

### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -18   LCROSS
               -29   NEXT
               -86   CH1
               -86   CHANDRAYAAN-1
              -131   KAGUYA
              -140   EPOXI
              -151   CHANDRA
              -187   SOLAR PROBE

       Satellites:

               636   AEGIR
               637   BEBHIONN
               638   BERGELMIR
               639   BESTLA
               640   FARBAUTI
               641   FENRIR
               642   FORNJOT
               643   HATI
               644   HYROKKIN
               645   KARI
               646   LOGE
               647   SKOLL
               648   SURTUR
               649   ANTHE
               650   JARNSAXA
               651   GREIP
               652   TARQEQ

               809   HALIMEDE
               810   PSAMATHE
               811   SAO
               812   LAOMEDEIA
               813   NESO

The following built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions for Jovian system satellites have been modified to conform to the current name/body mapping:

       Satellites:

               540   MNEME
               541   AOEDE
               542   THELXINOE
               543   ARCHE
               544   KALLICHORE
               545   HELIKE
               546   CARPO
               547   EUKELADE
               548   CYLLENE
               549   KORE

The following provisional default NAIF ID code/name definitions have been removed:

       Spacecraft:

              -172   SPACETECH-3 COMBINER
              -174   PLUTO-KUIPER EXPRESS
              -175   PLUTO-KUIPER EXPRESS SIMULATION
              -205   SPACETECH-3 COLLECTOR

       Satellites:

               514   1979J2
               515   1979J1
               516   1979J3
               610   1980S1
               611   1980S3
               612   1980S6
               613   1980S13
               614   1980S25
               615   1980S28
               616   1980S27
               617   1980S26

               706   1986U7
               707   1986U8
               708   1986U9
               709   1986U4
               710   1986U6
               711   1986U3
               712   1986U1
               713   1986U2
               714   1986U5
               715   1985U1
               718   1986U10

               901   1978P1

The spelling in the following built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been corrected:

       Satellites:

               MAGACLITE to MEGACLITE

The following built-in objects have been renamed:

       Spacecraft:

               STV-1 to STV51
               STV-2 to STV52
               STV-3 to STV53

       Satellites:

               ERRIAPO to ERRIAPUS

Top

## Icy (IDL interface to CSPICE) Only

Top

### New and Updated Interfaces

NAIF added the following interfaces to Icy for this release:

       cspice_getelm
       cspice_spkw10
       cspice_wncard
       cspice_subpnt
       cspice_subslr
       cspice_dafac
       cspice_dafdc
       cspice_dafec
       cspice_subpnt
       cspice_subslr
       cspice_sincpt

These Icy interfaces now process vectorized arguments:

       cspice_etcal
       cspice_furnsh
       cspice_unload

These Interfaces have been removed from Icy:

       cspice_spkw15
       cspice_spkw17

Top

## Documentation

Top

### Permuted Index for Icy and Mice

The permuted index documents have been added to the ASCII and HTML documentation sets provided with the Icy and Mice Toolkits.

Top

### BRIEF User's Guide

The BRIEF User's Guide, brief.ug, was fully rewritten to describe new features added to the program and to provide examples illustrating all aspects of the program's functionality.

Top

### Documentation on NAIF Web Server

The documentation provided in the generic SPICE, CSPICE, Icy and Mice Toolkits is now also available at this URL on the NAIF Web server:

       http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/documentation.html

Top

## BRIEF

The BRIEF utility program was modified to:

`--` summarize binary PCK files

`--` summarize SPK files provided in meta-kernels

`--` load text kernels

`--` display times as calendar UTC (``-utc'' option), day-of-year UTC (``-utcdoy'' option), and ET seconds (``-etsec'' option)

`--` detect attempts to summarize unsupported kernel types (CK, EK, transfer format kernels, etc.)

The program's help and usage displays as well as the formats of the summary reports were improved. The internal buffers holding summary information were increased to allow summarizing SPK files or file sets containing up to 100,000 bodies.

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## CKBRIEF

The CKBRIEF utility program was modified to:

`--` summarize CK files provided in meta-kernels

`--` detect attempts to summarize unsupported kernel types (SPK, binary PCK, EK, transfer format kernels, etc.)

The program's help and usage displays were improved. The internal buffers holding summary information were increased to allow summarizing CK files containing up to 100,000 segments.

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## MKSPK

The capability to accept time tags given as ET seconds past J2000 was added to the program. The TIME_WRAPPER setup keyword must be set to the special value '# ETSECONDS' to make the program recognize and process such time tags.

Top

## SUBPT Cookbook

The cookbook program SUBPT was updated to illustrate use of the new ``sub-observer point'' routine SUBPNT.

Top

## Bug Fixes

Top

### EV2LIN

Corrected error in the calculation of the C4 term due to typographic error in expression.

Top

### HYPTOF

An error in the HYPTOF routine affecting cases of evaluating elements of a hyperbolic trajectory with a very large eccentricity with respect to a small body (low gravity) has been fixed.

Top

### INELPL

The routine's specification and behavior have been updated so the routine now returns a meaningful result for the case of an ellipse consisting of a single point.

Also, in the degenerate case where the input ellipse is a line segment of positive length, and this segment intersects the plane, the number of intersection points is set to 1 rather than 2.

Top

### RAXISA

Minor edit to the ANGLE declaration strictly identifying the constant as a double. This change eliminates an occasional compiler warning.

Top

### SC01

The routine was fixed to correctly insert spaces between fields when the output field delimiter is blank.

Top

### SRFXPT

The routine was corrected to no longer apply the light time improvement logic in near-miss cases when a geometric solution is requested via ABCORR.

Top

### BRIEF

A number of bugs were fixed in the BRIEF utility program in the course of the modifications described above. The two most significant of these bugs were hanging up when no value was provided after ``-from'', ``-to'',``-at'', and ``-f'' options, and a logic expression error causing the program's crash on the Intel FORTRAN environments.

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### CKBRIEF

The bug causing an unsolicited grouping display on some C environments was fixed.

Top

### Header Updates

A number of formatting problems, typos, and errors in examples were fixed in the SPICE, CSPICE, and Icy headers.

Top

# Version 61 --- December 2006

Top

## Rules Regarding Use of SPICE Components

The rules regarding use of SPICE components have been updated to reflect the new ITAR clearance for the SPICE toolkit, documentation and data. Please see the RULES page of the NAIF website: http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/rules.html for details.

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## Environments

Top

### New Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is now officially supported on these new environments:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C
          Sun          Solaris       gCC/64bit

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.3

Top

### Deprecated Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is no longer supported on these environments:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          HP           UX-10         HP FORTRAN
          Vax          VMS           Digital FORTRAN

       CSPICE:

          HP           UX-10         HP C

Top

### Complete List of Supported Environments

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0061 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Intel FORTRAN
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          g77
          PC           CYGWIN        g77
          PC           Linux         g77
          PC           Windows       Compaq Visual (Digital) FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Intel FORTRAN
          PC           Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95
          Sun          Solaris       SUN FORTRAN

       CSPICE:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C
          PC           CYGWIN        gCC
          PC           Linux         gCC
          PC           Linux         gCC/64bit
          PC           Windows       Microsoft Visual C
          Sun          Solaris       gCC
          Sun          Solaris       gCC/64bit
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C

       Icy:

          Mac/Intel    OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.3
          Mac/PowerPC  OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.3
          PC           Linux         gCC / IDL 6.3
          PC           Windows       Microsoft Visual C / IDL 6.3
          Sun          Solaris       gCC / IDL 6.3
          Sun          Solaris       SUN C / IDL 6.3

Top

### Use of -fPIC/-KPIC Option

The CSPICE library provided with the CSPICE and Icy toolkits is now compiled with the -fPIC or -KPIC option resulting in position-independent code, suitable for dynamic linking all environments that support it.

Top

### Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing

Users of Lahey FORTRAN under the Windows operating systems should be aware that the F95 compiler allocates a small amount of memory, in connection with the process of using file OPEN and INQUIRE statements, that it might not free at the end of the file manipulation process. Since the simple opening of a binary kernel file can involve multiple OPEN and INQUIRE statements, the result of this allocation is that if the user were to open many (e.g. 100 or more) kernel files, an application program could sequester memory that would not be freed as expected. A virtual memory error message such as "A work area cannot be reserved because of insufficient area" may result from this situation. This can adversely affect the stability of the Windows operating system, even after the user program is terminated.

We believe that this behavior affects all versions of SPICELIB, including the N61 version. We are working with Lahey to resolve this issue.

Top

### Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows

An issue may exist when using EK scratch files from IDL under Microsoft Windows. The cspice_ekcls call may fail to delete the scratch file created by the cspice_ekops call. This file normally has a name style similar to tmp.Fxxxxx. You can manually delete the file only after you close the IDL application.

This problem does not affect use of the file or cause any known instability to Icy.

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## Documentation

Starting with N0061 every SPICE toolkit package comes with a complete set of HTML documentation consisting of:

`--` brief introduction to the SPICE system

`--` overview of specifics of SPICE implementation for a given language (for CSPICE and Icy only)

`--` description of the Toolkit package layout and contents

`--` language specific summary of Most Used SPICE APIs by category

`--` complete reference guide for all public APIs, derived from the source headers and provided with an alphabetical index

`--` Permuted Index of all public APIs

`--` complete set of Required Reading documents, provided with an index

`--` complete set of User's Guide documents, provided with an index

All HTML documents in this set are cross-hyperlinked -- every instance of an API name in Required Reading, index or other documents is linked to the API HTML page derived from its source code header; every reference to a Required Reading document in the API HTML pages, indexes and other documents is linked to the Required Reading's HTML page, and so on. In some cases HTML pages are also linked to the actual source code modules, specifically from the Permuted Index document and from the bottom of each of the each individual API pages.

The top level index file

       doc/html/index.html

provides a single entry point to all HTML documentation.

While the CSPICE and Icy set of individual API HTML pages contains a page for each of the public routines, the SPICELIB (Fortran) set does not provide HTML pages for about 30 routines that are different on different environments. NAIF omitted them in this Toolkit version due to some technical difficulties in assembling the Toolkit packages and will try to fix this situation in the next release of the Toolkit.

Also, the SPICELIB HTML documentation set does not include links to a small set of APIs that have names that are either common words (POS, FRAME, ROTATE, RETURN) or terms (J2000, B1950) commonly used in the SPICE documentation.

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## New Applications

Top

### MSOPCK

The MSOPCK program was added to the application set included in each SPICE toolkit. This program converts attitude data provided in a text file as UTC, SCLK, or ET-tagged quaternions, Euler angles, or matrices, optionally accompanied by angular velocities, into a type 1, 2, or 3 SPICE C-kernel.

Refer to the MSOPCK User's Guide, msopck.ug, for more information about the program.

Note: an earlier version of this program has been available in some mission-specific Toolkits and through the NAIF website. We recommend users replace that older version with this one.

Top

### SPKDIFF

The SPKDIFF program was added to the application set included in each SPICE toolkit. This program computes differences between geometric states obtained from two SPK files and either displays these differences or shows statistics about them.

Refer to the SPKDIFF User's Guide, spkdiff.ug, for more information about the program.

Note: SPPKDIFF replaces a predecessor program named CMPSPK that had limited distribution.

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy

Top

### KCLEAR Routine

A call to KCLEAR unloads all files loaded via FURNSH and clears the kernel pool.

Calling KCLEAR at the end of an Icy-based IDL script ensures that kernels loaded during script execution won't contaminate results from Icy-based scripts run subsequently during the same IDL session.

Top

### DAF Comment Area Routines

The former support library routines DAFAC, DAFDC, and DAFEC have been moved into SPICELIB. These routines provide comment area access for DAF-based files, such as SPK, CK, and binary PCK files. DAFAC appends to the contents of a DAF's comment area text provided in a buffer. DAFDC deletes all comments from the comment area. DAFEC extracts the contents of the comment area into a buffer.

These routines are available in SPICELIB and CSPICE; they are not yet supported in Icy.

Top

### DAF-based Kernel Open Routines

The routines CKOPN, PCKOPN, and SPKOPN, which open new CK, binary PCK and SPK kernels respectively, now are able to reserve a caller-specified amount of space in the new file's comment area at the time of file creation. This allows faster comment addition when comments must be added after the kernel contains a large amount of data, since the data need not be shifted to make room in the comment area.

The calling sequences of these routines have not changed. The routines' input argument NCOMCH was previously disregarded; it now specifies the amount of comment area space to reserve.

This change applies to SPICELIB, CSPICE, and Icy.

Top

### DAFONW Routine

The routine DAFONW, which opens a new DAF, now initializes the DAF comment area when comment area records are reserved. The comment records are null-padded as before, but now the first character of the comment area is initialized with the ``end-of-comments'' character. This provides a correctly initialized empty comment area that can be accessed by SPICE routines and utilities. Formerly this initialization had to be carried out by the calling program.

This change supports the capability of reserving space in the comment area now provided by the higher-level kernel opening routines CKOPN, PCKOPN, and SPKOPN.

Top

### SPKW02, SPKW03, and SPKW05 Routines

The restriction that the input reference frame should be inertial has been removed from SPK Type 2, 3 and 5 writer routines SPKW02, SPKW03 and SPKW05. Any application that calls there routines, including the MKSPK program, can now create a type 2, 3, or 5 SPK file with data given with respect to a non-inertial frame.

Top

### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -61   JUNO
               -76   MSL
               -76   MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY
               -85   LRO
               -85   LUNAR RECON ORBITER
               -85   LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER
              -212   STV-1
              -213   STV-2
              -214   STV-3

       Satellites:

               540   ARCHE
               541   EUKELADE
               546   HELIKE
               547   AOEDE
               548   HEGEMONE
               551   KALLICHORE
               553   CYLLENE
               560   CARPO
               561   MNEME

               635   DAPHNIS

               722   FRANCISCO
               723   MARGARET
               724   FERDINAND
               725   PERDITA
               726   MAB
               727   CUPID

               902   NIX
               903   HYDRA

The following provisional name/ID mappings for the Jovian system satellites were replaced or removed from the Toolkit:

        539         'HEGEMONE'              JXXXIX
        540         'MNEME'                 JXL
        541         'AOEDE'                 JXLI
        542         'THELXINOE'             JXLII
        543         'ARCHE'                 JXLIII
        544         'KALLICHORE'            JXLIV
        545         'HELIKE'                JXLV
        546         'CARPO'                 JXLVI
        547         'EUKELADE'              JXLVII
        548         'CYLLENE'               JXLVIII

The new mapping leaves the IDs 539, 542-545, 549, 550, 552, 554-559 unassigned.

The following name spelling correction has also been made:

               632   METHODE to METHONE

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## CSPICE Only

Top

### New Wrappers

The following interfaces to SPICE routines were added to CSPICE in this release:

       dafac_c        dafdc_c         dafec_c
       dafgda_c       dascls_c        dasopr_c
       kclear_c

Top

## Icy (IDL interface to CSPICE) Only

Top

### New Interfaces

NAIF added the following new Icy interfaces for this release:

       cspice_appndd  cspice_appndi   cspice_badkpv
       cspice_dafgda  cspice_dascls   cspice_dasopr
       cspice_inter   cspice_kclear   cspice_valid

Top

## Bug Fixes

Top

### CKE05

Several functional changes were made to the CK type 5 evaluator CKE05. These changes affect all CK type 5 subtypes EXCEPT subtype 1, which is used by the Mars Express, Rosetta, Venus Express, and SMART-1 missions. These changes are not expected to affect current SPICE users.

First change: the evaluator now assumes that input rate information, whether in the form of quaternion derivatives or angular velocity vectors, has units of radians/second. This makes the routine's interface consistent with SPICE conventions. This change affects subtypes 0, 2, and 3.

Second change: the evaluator no longer attempts to improve interpolation of quaternion derivatives by negating, if necessary, the derivatives provided in the input record. This places on C-kernel creators the burden of determining correct quaternion derivatives suitable for Hermite interpolation. This decision was made because the selection functionality cannot be implemented in a completely reliable way for the case where the derivatives have very small magnitude (which in practice is not a rare case). Quaternions themselves still WILL be negated if necessary for correct Hermite interpolation. This change affects subtypes 0 and 2.

Top

### ET2LST

The bug for bodies with retrograde rotation causing the local time to flow backwards has been fixed. The local time for all types of bodies now progresses as expected -- midnight, increasing AM hours, noon, increasing PM hours, next midnight, and so on.

Top

### UNLOAD

The bug causing incorrect meta-kernel unloading was fixed. Formerly some sequences of FURNSH and UNLOAD calls could cause UNLOAD to become unable to unload meta-kernels correctly: in some cases, kernels referenced by the meta-kernels were not unloaded when they should have been.

Top

### STR2ET

Two bugs were fixed. The first bug caused the routine to return incorrect results in some cases on calls following calls for which a time zone was specified. The second bug caused the routine to generate a memory violation exception for blank input strings on some environments (HP).

Top

### SURFPT

The ray's surface intercept is now always set to the ray's vertex when the vertex is on the ellipsoid's surface. Formerly, for inward-pointing direction vectors, the ray's point of egress from the ellipsoid was selected as the intercept.

The new functionality is consistent with the routine's documentation, which claims that the intercept closest to the ray's vertex is selected.

Top

### CHRONOS

Two bugs were fixed. The first bug caused slightly incorrect computation of the mean local second duration, which could have resulted in a leap in the LST SOL counting. For landed Martian missions this bug would have exhibited itself after approximately SOL 2100. The second bug prohibited conversion from and to LST for local times a few seconds before midnight, in the 23:59:00-23:59:59 range.

The important side effect of correcting the first bug is that due to the fact that LST is returned with integer local seconds the result of any conversion from and to LST differs slightly -- by less that 1 second -- from the same conversion done by the previous versions of the program.

Top

### Icy

The bug causing a cascade of 'zzerror_c' strings prefixed to error strings has been fixed.

Top

### MKSPK

The bug causing the 8th input equinoctial element (DMPN/DT) to be assigned to the 8th (DMPN/DT) and 9th (DNOD/DT) equinoctial elements stored in the output SPK file when the first six equinoctial elements were derived from input states or classical elements was fixed.

Top

# Version 60 --- December 2005

The sole purpose of this version is to fix the bug described below. In all other aspects the N0060 Toolkit is the same as the N0059 Toolkit.

Top

## Bug Fixes

Top

### Access to High Precision Binary Earth PCK

On December 13, 2005, a significant bug was found in the Fortran, C, and IDL N0059 SPICE Toolkits: this bug results in corruption of data read from high precision binary earth PCK files.

A second, probably rarely encountered, effect of the bug is that data will be corrupted when read directly from routine TISBOD (tisbod_c in CSPICE, cspice_tisbod in Icy), in cases where the input reference frame name doesn't match the frame associated with the data in the source PCK.

This bug has been fixed in the N0060 Toolkit.

Top

# Version 59 --- November 2005

Top

## Rules Regarding Use of SPICE Components

The rules regarding use of SPICE components, already very minimal, have been further relaxed and better articulated. Please see the RULES page of the NAIF website: http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/rules.html for details.

Top

## Environments

Top

### New Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is now officially supported on Sun/Solaris/64bit gcc environment.

Top

### Supported Environments

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0059 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          HP         UX-10         HP FORTRAN
          Macintosh  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN
          Macintosh  OS-X          g77
          PC         CYGWIN        g77
          PC         Linux         g77
          PC         Windows       Compaq Visual (Digital) FORTRAN
          PC         Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95
          Sun        Solaris       SUN FORTRAN
          Vax        VMS           Digital FORTRAN

       CSPICE:

          HP         UX            HP C
          Macintosh  OS-X          Apple C
          PC         CYGWIN        gCC
          PC         Linux         gCC
          PC         Windows       Microsoft Visual C
          Sun        Solaris       SUN C
          Sun        Solaris       gCC
          Sun        Solaris       gCC/64bit

       Icy:

          Macintosh  OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.2
          PC         Linux         gCC / IDL 6.2
          PC         Windows       Microsoft Visual C / IDL 6.2
          Sun        Solaris       SUN C / IDL 6.2
          Sun        Solaris       gCC / IDL 6.2

Top

### Optimization for C/Icy environments

Optimization -O2 or equivalent is now used to compile CSPICE for all supported C and Icy environments.

Top

### Lahey Memory Issue Related to File Opening/Closing

Users of Lahey FORTRAN under the Windows operating systems should be aware that the F95 compiler allocates a small amount of memory, in connection with the process of using file OPEN and INQUIRE statements, that it might not free at the end of the file manipulation process. Since the simple opening of a binary kernel file can involve multiple OPEN and INQUIRE statements, the result of this allocation is that if the user were to open many (e.g. 100 or more) kernel files, an application program could sequester memory that would not be freed as expected. A virtual memory error message such as "A work area cannot be reserved because of insufficient area" may result from this situation. This can adversely affect the stability of the Windows operating system, even after the user program is terminated.

We believe that this behavior affects all versions of SPICELIB, including the soon to be released N59 version. We are working with Lahey to resolve this issue.

Top

### Scratch EK File Issue in Icy on PC/Windows

An issue may exist when using EK scratch files from IDL under Microsoft Windows. The cspice_ekcls call may fail to delete the scratch file created by the cspice_ekops call. This file normally has a name style similar to tmp.Fxxxxx. You can manually delete the file only after you close the IDL application.

This problem does not affect use of the file or cause any known instability to Icy.

Top

## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy

Top

### Loading of Non-Native Text Kernels Files

Starting with this version of the toolkit, the CSPICE and Icy text kernel loaders, furnsh_c/cspice_furnsh and ldpool_c/cspice_ldpool, can read and parse non-native text files. Unfortunately this capability cannot be provided in FORTRAN instances of the Toolkit.

Please be aware the CSPICE text file reader, rdtext_c, does not possess the capability to read non-native text files.

Top

### Additional Testing

A large amount of additional testing of existing SPICE interfaces and capabilities was performed during preparation of this version of the toolkit. This testing uncovered a small number of bugs, all of which have been fixed for this release (see Section ``Bug Fixes'' below.)

Top

### Deprecation of BODVAR in favor of BODVRD and BODVCD

Routine BODVAR has been deprecated due to deficiency of its interface and a possibility that it may cause memory violation when used to retrieve data for incorrectly formed text kernel keywords. Routines BODVCD and BODVRD should be used instead of it.

Top

### ``In Place'' Routines

A number of routines parallel to existing interfaces but utilizing the same argument for both input and output were added to SPICELIB (FORTRAN Toolkit). These routines are:

       cyacip.for
       cyadip.for
       cyaiip.for
       vhatip.for
       vsclip.for
       xpsgip.for

Top

### SPK Segment Buffer Increase

The SPK segment buffer size was increased to 30,000 to allow more efficient read access to SPK files containing a large number of segments, such as SPK files produced by ESA's Mars Express project.

Top

### EK Buffer Increased

Buffers facilitating EK access have been increased to provide more efficient read access to EK files containing a large numbers of records, such as EK files produced by the Cassini project.

Top

### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -98   NEW HORIZONS
              -248   VENUS EXPRESS, VEX
              -500   RSAT, SELENE Relay Satellite, SELENE Rstar, Rstar
              -502   VSAT, SELENE VLBI Radio Satellite,
                     SELENE VRAD Satellite, SELENE Vstar

       Asteroids:

           2025143   ITOKAWA

       Satellites:

               539   HEGEMONE
               540   MNEME
               541   AOEDE
               542   THELXINOE
               543   ARCHE
               544   KALLICHORE
               545   HELIKE
               546   CARPO
               547   EUKELADE
               548   CYLLENE
               631   NARVI
               632   METHODE
               633   PALLENE
               634   POLYDEUCES

       Ground Stations:

            399064   DSS-64

Top

### Documentation

The PCK Required Reading document has been revised.

Top

## CSPICE

Top

### New Wrappers

The following interfaces to SPICE routines were added to CSPICE in this release:

       bodvcd_c.c
       qdq2av_c.c
       qxq_c.c
       srfrec_c.c

Top

## Icy (Interactive Data Language interface to CSPICE)

Top

### Vectorization

NAIF modified the function of several Icy routines to support vectorized variables (in the IDL sense) as input and output.

       cspice_illum    cspice_insrtd   cspice_insrti   cspice_oscelt
       cspice_sce2c    cspice_srfrec   cspice_srfxpt   cspice_subpt
       cspice_removd   cspice_removi

Top

### New interfaces

NAIF added the following new Icy interfaces for this release:

       cspice_bodvcd   cspice_diff     cspice_insrtd   cspice_insrti
       cspice_qdq2av   cspice_qxq      cspice_removd   cspice_removi
       cspice_sdiff    cspice_set      cspice_srfrec   cspice_union

Top

## Bug Fixes

Top

### Non-standard Use of Duplicate Arguments in FORTRAN

A large number of SPICELIB routines has been revised to eliminate non-standard use of duplicate arguments in calls to other routines. Though this use did not pose any problems or cause any errors in the earlier Toolkit versions, it prevented use of optimization on some environments. With these changes optimization is now used in building all CSPICE and Icy Toolkits.

Top

### NEARPT

A bug related to the scale of transverse component of error vector was corrected for the exterior point case.

Top

### ET2LST

The treatment of planetographic longitude has been updated to be consistent with the SPICE planetographic / rectangular coordinate conversion routines. The effect of this change is that the default sense of positive longitude for the moon is now east; also, the default sense of positive planetographic longitude now may be overridden for any body.

Top

### GETFOV

A bug causing incorrect computation of the boundary vectors for a rectangular FOV specified using the angular extents method has been fixed. In the previous versions for cases when the reference vector was provided as a non-unit vector and/or was non-perpendicular to the specified boresight the boundary vectors returned by the routine were computed incorrectly.

Top

### CKW03

A check verifying that the start time of the first interval is the same as the time of the first pointing instance has been added.

Top

### INEDPL

Error detection for the case of invalid input plane was added.

Top

### INSRTC

The routine was changed in such way that when the item to be inserted would, after truncation to the set's string length, match an item already in the set, no insertion is performed. Previously the truncated string was inserted, corrupting the set.

Top

### String Parsing Routines

Routines lparse.for, lparsm.for, and lparss.for were modified to avoid out-of-range substring bounds conditions.

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# Version 58 --- January 2005

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## Environments

The SPICE Toolkit is now officially supported on PC/CYGWIN/g77 and PC/CYGWIN/gCC environments and no longer supported on SGI and DEC Alpha computers.

This is the complete list of environments on which the N0058 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported:

       FORTRAN Toolkit:

          HP         UX            HP FORTRAN
          Macintosh  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN
          Macintosh  OS-X          g77
          PC         CYGWIN        g77
          PC         Linux         g77
          PC         Windows       Compaq Visual (Digital) FORTRAN
          PC         Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95
          Sun        Solaris       SUN FORTRAN
          Vax        VMS           Digital FORTRAN

       CSPICE:

          HP         UX            HP C
          Macintosh  OS-X          Apple C
          PC         CYGWIN        gCC
          PC         Linux         gCC
          PC         Windows       Microsoft Visual C
          Sun        Solaris       SUN C
          Sun        Solaris       gCC

       Icy:

          Macintosh  OS-X          Apple C / IDL 6.1
          PC         Linux         gCC / IDL 6.1
          PC         Windows       Microsoft Visual C / IDL 6.1
          Sun        Solaris       SUN C / IDL 6.1
          Sun        Solaris       gCC / IDL 6.1

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE/Icy

Top

### Parameterized Dynamic Frames

The SPICE frame system now supports parameterized dynamic frames: frames for which orientation is based on dynamic directions computed using SPICE kernel data (SPKs, CK, PCKs), on mathematical models implemented in SPICE routines, or on formulas defined in frame kernels. Parameterized dynamic frames are grouped into ``families'' according to the method by which they're defined.

Currently supported dynamic frame families are:

`--` Two-vector frames: these are defined by pairs of vectors. The vectors may be position vectors, velocity vectors, observer-target near point vectors, or constant vectors.

`--` Mean equator and equinox of date frames.

`--` True equator and equinox of date frames.

`--` Mean ecliptic and equinox of date frames.

`--` Euler frames: these are defined by angles specified as polynomial functions of time.

Currently ``of date'' frames are supported only for the earth.

The Frames Required Reading documents the new capability and contains numerous examples of dynamic frame kernel definitions.

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### CK/SPK Coverage Summary Routines

The new CK and SPK coverage determination routines CKCOV and SPKCOV provide an API via which an application can find the time periods for which a specified CK or SPK file provides data for, respectively, an instrument or body of interest. The coverage information is a set of disjoint time intervals returned in a SPICE ``window'' data structure.

The new CK and SPK routines CKOBJ and SPKOBJ provide an API via which an application can find the set of instruments or bodies for which, respectively, a specified CK or SPK file contains data. The coverage information is returned in a SPICE ``set'' data structure.

These new APIs are supported by SPICELIB, CSPICE, and Icy.

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### Planetographic Coordinate Conversion Routines

The new planetographic coordinate conversion routines RECPGR and PGRREC support conversion between rectangular and planetographic coordinates. The planetographic Jacobian matrix routines DRDPGR and DPGRDR provide the derivative matrices for these transformations (used for coordinate transformations of velocities).

These new APIs are supported by SPICELIB, CSPICE, and Icy.

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### ``L-sub-S'' Solar Longitude Routine

The new routine LSPCN computes the planetocentric longitude of the sun (often called ``L-sub-S'' or ``Ls'') for a specified body and time. This quantity is typically used as an approximate ``time of year'' indicator.

The new API is supported by SPICELIB, CSPICE, and Icy.

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### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -84         PHOENIX
              -130         HAYABUSA
              -131         SELENE
              -203         DAWN
              -238         SMART-1, S1, SM1, SMART1
              -486         HERSCHEL
              -489         PLANCK

       Comets:

           1000012         CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO
                           67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO (1969 R1)

       Stations:

            399049         DSS-49
            399055         DSS-55
            398989         NOTO

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### Documentation

FRAMES.REQ has been re-structured and augmented with an extensive description and examples of the new parameterized dynamic frames family.

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## CSPICE

Top

### New Wrappers

The following new miscellaneous interfaces to SPICE routines were added to CSPICE in this release:

       bods2c_c.c      dafopw_c.c      dafps_c.c       dafrs_c.c

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## Icy (Interactive Data Language interface to CSPICE)

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### Vectorization

NAIF modified the function of several Icy routines to support vectorized variables (in the IDL sense) as input and output.

       cspice_cylrec   cspice_deltet   cspice_et2lst   cspice_et2utc
       cspice_georec   cspice_latrec   cspice_pxform   cspice_pgrrec
       cspice_radrec   cspice_reccyl   cspice_recgeo   cspice_reclat
       cspice_recpgr   cspice_recrad   cspice_recsph   cspice_scdecd
       cspice_scencd   cspice_scs2e    cspice_sphrec   cspice_spkezr
       cspice_spkpos   cspice_str2et   cspice_sxform   cspice_timout

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### Windows

Icy now includes interfaces to the full set of CSPICE window routines.

       cspice_wnelmd   cspice_wnincd   cspice_wnreld   cspice_wncomd
       cspice_wncond   cspice_wndifd   cspice_wnexpd   cspice_wnextd
       cspice_wnfetd   cspice_wnfild   cspice_wnfltd   cspice_wninsd
       cspice_wnintd   cspice_wnsumd   cspice_wnunid   cspice_wnvald

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### Other new interfaces

The following new miscellaneous interfaces to SPICE routines were added to Icy in this release:

       cspice_bods2c   cspice_card     cspice_celli    cspice_celld
       cspice_dafopw   cspice_dafrs    cspice_deltet   cspice_et2lst
       cspice_pgrrec   cspice_recpgr   cspice_scard    cspice_size
       cspice_spkcov   cspice_spkobj   cspice_ssize

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## Bug Fixes

Top

### MKSPK Processing of TLE

A MKSPK bug causing the program to process improperly formatted TLE files without signaling an error and producing output SPK containing bad data was fixed.

Top

### MKSPK Adding Comments When Appending to Existing SPK

A MKSPK bug causing the program, in some rare circumstances, to signal an error when adding comments to an existing SPK file was fixed.

Top

### Icy/cspice_getfov

A bug that caused the interface to fail to release allocated memory when the FRAMEMISSING error signaled was fixed.

Top

### DVPOOL/dvpool_c/cspice_dvpool

A bug causing the DVPOOL routine to not delete a specified kernel pool variable in some cases was fixed.

Top

### CSPICE/kdata_c Function

A number of typos in the example provided in the header of the routine were corrected.

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### FRINFO/frinfo_c/cspice_frinfo

A bug causing the FRINFO routine to treat any frame with a negative ID code and a frame definition not provided in the kernel pool as a CK-based frame was fixed. Now, instead of returning ``manufactured'' attributes of a CK-based frame, the routine will generate an error for such inputs.

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# Version 57 --- March 2004

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## Environments

The N0057 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported on the same environments as version N0056.

Top

## Icy

The N0057 version offers the first official release of Icy, the interface to the CSPICE library from Interactive Data Language (IDL), a product of Research Systems, Inc. (RSI, http://www.rsi.com). If Icy was provided with this package, refer to ``icy.req'' document and to the Icy HTML documentation pointed to by ``doc/html/index.html'' for more details.

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE

Top

### SRFXPT

This new routine computes the surface intercept point of a specified ray on a target body at a specified epoch, optionally corrected for light time and stellar aberration. Its purpose is the same as for the SPICE routine SURFPT but unlike SURFPT is provides a much more flexible interface and computes geometry adjusted for light time and stellar aberration to the surface point rather than to the center of the target body. Therefore for most cases this routine makes SURFPT obsolete. Currently SRFXPT supports only the ellipsoid shape for target bodies but in the future it may be extended to support digital terrain models.

Top

### Support for Satellite IDs in the Range 10000-99999

NAIF PCK data access routines have been modified to recognize satellites with IDs in the 10000-99999 range.

Top

### Detection of Non-native Text Files

The SPICE data loading mechanism was extended to detect and prohibit loading text kernel files containing lines terminated with EOF character(s) non-native to the platform on which the Toolkit was compiled. If a non-native EOL terminator is detected in the first 132 characters of a text kernel, the execution is stopped and an error message is displayed. This feature does not work with files that are smaller that 132 bytes or have the first line longer that 132 characters.

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### Documentation

The Toolkit may now optionally include documentation in HTML format. It is provided in the ``doc/html'' subdirectory and is pointed to by the top level index file

       doc/html/index.html

The headers of a few additional most often used routines have been revised to correct technical errors and grammar and/or spelling, improve clarity, and improve examples.

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### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -79         SPITZER

       Asteroids:

               2000216     KLEOPATRA

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## INSPEKT

INSPEKT was updated to generate comma-delimited reports. This output format can be set using the ``SET FORMAT DELIMITED ...'' command. See INSPEKT on-line help for more details.

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## TOBIN

TOBIN was modified to detect and prohibit processing input transfer files containing lines terminated with EOF character(s) non-native to the platform on which the Toolkit was compiled.

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# Version 56 --- August 2003

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## Environments

The N0056 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported on the same environments as version N0055 except the following ``Classic'' Mac environments:

       Macintosh  MacOS9        Absoft FORTRAN
       Macintosh  MacOS9        Metrowerks Codewarrior C

Contact NAIF if you wish to obtain the Toolkit for these two deprecated environments.

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## SPICELIB/CSPICE

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### Documentation

The headers of 20+ of the most often used routines have been revised for one or more of the following reasons:

`--` to correct technical errors,

`--` to add pertinent new information,

`--` to improve clarity,

`--` to correct grammar and/or spelling,

`--` to improve examples.

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### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the Toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

               -74         MRO
               -74         MARS RECON ORBITER
               -130        MUSES-C
               -142        TERRA
               -154        AQUA
               -159        EUROPA ORBITER
               -172        SPACETECH-3 COMBINER
               -188        MUSES-B
               -190        SIM
               -198        INTEGRAL
               -205        SPACETECH-3 COLLECTOR
               -234        STEREO AHEAD
               -235        STEREO BEHIND
               -253        OPPORTUNITY
               -254        SPIRIT

       Tracking Stations:

               398990      NEW NORCIA

       Jovian satellites:

               528         AUTONOE
               529         THYONE
               530         HERMIPPE
               531         AITNE
               532         EURYDOME
               533         EUANTHE
               534         EUPORIE
               535         ORTHOSIE
               536         SPONDE
               537         KALE
               538         PASITHEE

       Saturnian satellites:

               619         YMIR
               620         PAALIAQ
               621         TARVOS
               622         IJIRAQ
               623         SUTTUNG
               624         KIVIUQ
               625         MUNDILFARI
               626         ALBIORIX
               627         SKADI
               628         ERRIAPO
               629         SIARNAQ
               630         THRYM

       Uranian satellites:

               718         PROSPERO
               719         SETEBOS
               720         STEPHANO
               721         TRINCULO

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## CHRONOS

CHRONOS utility program has been modified to allow loading kernel files using FURNSH kernel pool keywords and to accept all setup information from the command line.

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## Bug Fixes

Top

### Reading Files with MAC-OSX Absoft FORTRAN Toolkit

Low level read routines were fixed to make sure that the OSX Absoft FORTRAN SPICE toolkit can read files not owned by the user.

Top

### DAS Scratch Files

DASCLS routine has been modified to call the routine flushing DAS buffers before closing scratch DAS files. Failing to free the buffers caused write errors on HP/FORTRAN systems.

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### Argument Checking in CSPICE Error Handling Functions

The errprt_c, errdev_c, and erract_c functions were updated to diagnose invalid operation keyword input.

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# Version 55 --- March 2003

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## Environments

The N0055 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported on the same environments as version N0054.

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## SPICELIB

Top

### SPKW01

SPK type 1 writer routine has been added.

Top

### DASCLS

Scratch files no longer have their buffered portions flushed and are no longer segregated before before being closed. This change speeds up the close operation.

Top

### SPKBSR

Segment buffer size was increased from 2000 to 10000 to improve efficiency when handling SPK files with large number of segments.

Top

### Kernel POOL

The buffer that stores distinct numeric data items from the text kernel files was increased. The new buffer size is 20000, which is the maximum total number of values for all numeric scalar and array pool variables together.

Top

### Type 1 SCLK

The buffer that stores Type 1 SCLK coefficients was increased. The new buffer size is 10000.

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## CSPICE

Top

### New CSPICE wrappers

Wrappers dasac_c and dasec_c have been added to CSPICE. These support DAS file comment area access.

Top

## Bug Fixes

Top

### Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been corrected to match official MER name-ID mapping:

              -253     was MER-A, now MER-1
              -254     was MER-B, now MER-2

MER-A and MER-B names are no longer supported by the Toolkit.

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### DASCUD

DASCUD has been fixed so that it writes a new, empty cluster directory record at the correct location. This corrects an error introduced by a bug fix in N0054.

Top

### OSCELT

OSCELT has been fixed so that it computes the argument of periapse correctly when the inclination is zero or 180 degrees. The mean anomaly computation has been corrected so that it works for circular and near-circular orbits. The computation of inclination has been changed to use ATAN2 for improved accuracy. Code that could generate arithmetic exceptions was corrected. Several new error checks have been added.

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### CKE05

Angular velocity computations for subtypes 0 and 1 have been changed to make them compatible with those used by the MEX/Rosetta attitude file interpolation algorithms.

Top

### CKBRIEF

CKBRIEF has been updated to retrieve and display interpolation interval information from Type 2 CK files correctly in all cases.

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# Version 54 --- December 2002

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## Mailing Lists

NAIF has created 2 mailing lists, ``Spice_announce''

       http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/mailman/listinfo/spice_announce

and ``Spice_discussion''

       http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/mailman/listinfo/spice_discussion

``Spice_announce'' is intended to provide notification of important developments such as a new toolkit release. Posting will generally be limited to members of the NAIF team. If you feel you have an important announcement that would be suitable for this list, you may send email to the list, but it will be reviewed by the NAIF team before dissemination.

``Spice_discussion'' is meant to provide a forum for discussion among SPICE users. Posting on this list is encouraged, however we also encourage you to limit mail traffic to the entire list. Extended discussions are often best carried out with a limited distribution list.

Both lists require registration, allow access to an archive of prior postings and allow the user to choose whether to receive individual postings or a daily digest.

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## Environments

The N0054 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported on the same environments as version N0053.

Top

## COOKBOOK Programs

FORTRAN and C versions of the COOKBOOK programs have been made more consistent in implementation and behavior. User's Guide documents for COOKBOOK programs have been updated and are now delivered with both FORTRAN and C toolkits. The FSTSPK COOKBOOK program has been deprecated and is no longer delivered.

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## New Built-in NAIF ID Code/Name Definitions

The following new built-in NAIF ID code/name definitions have been added to the toolkit:

       Spacecraft:

              -226     ROSETTA

       Jovian satellites:

               517     CALLIRRHOE
               518     THEMISTO
               519     MAGACLITE
               520     TAYGETE
               521     CHALDENE
               522     HARPALYKE
               523     KALYKE
               524     IOCASTE
               525     ERINOME
               526     ISONOE
               527     PRAXIDIKE

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## Documentation

User's Guide documents for TOBIN, TOXFR and VERSION utility programs have been added to the toolkit documentation.

Top

## Bug Fixes

Top

### Built-in Body-Fixed Frame for Pan

Definition of the built-in body-fixed frame for PAN (IAU_PAN) has been updated to point to the correct PCK values used to compute its rotation. In the previous version of the toolkit it was pointing to PANDORA's rotation constants.

Top

### Surface Intercept Routine

The surface intercept routine SURFPT/surfpt_c has been re-implemented to reduce loss of precision.

Top

### DAS Writer Routines

DAS utility routine DASCUD has been fixed to ensure that DAS file structure is correct when files are closed without data segregation. Previously it was possible for unsegregated files to have an invalid final forward directory pointer. Note: this problem could not occur in E-kernels created by SPICE utility programs or using the SPICE EK API routines.

Top

### CSPICE Cell Implementation

The CELLINIT macro has been updated so that it doesn't modify data added to character cells prior to cell initialization. This enables population of uninitialized character cells via macro calls.

Top

### Body Name to Associated Frame Conversion Routine

The routine CNMFRM retrieving the reference frame name for a specified body name has been fixed so a TK frame specified by name and designated as an object's preferred frame via kernel pool assignments is found, and so that the correct name of this frame is returned.

Top

### CHRONOS

CHRONOS has been updated to make sure that the iterative search for the nearest local midnight converges in all cases. It has also been updated to use the maximum system allowed file name length on VAX and DEC Alpha environments.

Top

# Version 53 --- September 2002

Top

## Environments

The N0053 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported in the following environments:

       PC         Linux         g77
       PC         Windows       Compaq Visual (Digital) FORTRAN
       PC         Windows       Lahey FORTRAN 95
       PC         Linux         gCC
       PC         Windows       Microsoft Visual C++
       Sun        Solaris       FORTRAN
       Sun        Solaris       Native C
       Sun        Solaris       gCC
       HP         UX            HP FORTRAN
       HP         UX            HP C
       Macintosh  MacOS         Absoft FORTRAN
       Macintosh  MacOS         Metrowerks Codewarrior C
       Macintosh  OS-X          g77
       Macintosh  OS-X          Absoft FORTRAN
       Macintosh  OS-X          Apple C
       SGI        IRIX          N32/O32 FORTRAN
       SGI        IRIX          MIPS C (N32/O32 ABIs)
       DEC Alpha  Digital Unix  Digital FORTRAN
       DEC Alpha  Digital Unix  Digital C
       Vax        VMS           Digital FORTRAN

The PC/Linux/g77 version previously supported the alternative ``fort77'' compiler. This is no longer the case. Contact NAIF if you need support for this compiler.

The Macintosh OS-X environments are new.

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## CSPICE

Top

### New CSPICE wrappers for cell, set, and windows routines

The complete set of C wrappers duplicating cell, sets, and windows capabilities existing in FORTRAN SPICE has been added to CSPICE.

Top

### New CSPICE wrappers for sorting and searching routines

The following new CSPICE wrappers implementing sorting and searching capabilities have been added:

       bscho*_c.c
       bsrch*_c.c
       esrchc_c.c
       isordv_c.c
       isrch*_c.c
       lstle*_c.c
       lstlt*_c.c
       order*_c.c
       reord*_c.c
       shell*_c.c

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### New CSPICE wrappers for string manipulation and parsing routines

The following new CSPICE wrappers for string manipulation and parsing capabilities have been added:

       cpos*_c.c
       pos*_c.c
       ncpos*_c.c
       kxtrct_c.c
       lpars*_c.c
       lx4*_c.c
       lxqstr_c.c
       repm*_c.c

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## SPICELIB

Top

### SPK Type 18

A new SPK type (Type 18) has been added. This incorporates ESA/ESOC model for a spacecraft ephemeris.

Top

### CK Type 5

A new CK type (Type 5) has been added. This incorporates ESA/ESOC model for a spacecraft attitude data.

Top

## BRIEF

BRIEF utility has been updated to allow summarizing SPKs containing ephemerides for up to 20,000 distinct bodies.

Top

## COOKBOOK

COOKBOOK programs have been updated to use the highest level routines currently available in SPICE -- FURNSH, SUBPT, etc.

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## Bug Fixes

Top

### ID-to-name Translation

SPICE's ID-to-name mapping subsystem has been updated to provide consistent behavior across all of its interfaces. It now correctly processes duplicate ID-to-name mapping assignments provided via text kernel files. Refer to the NAIF_IDS Required Reading for more details.

Top

### Built-in Body-Fixed Frames

Missing body-fixed frames -- IAU_PAN, IAU_GASPRA, IAU_IDA, and IAU_EROS -- have been added to the built-in frame set.

Top

### Binary architecture consistency check at run-time

Binary file format consistency check has been implemented at run time to verify that the toolkit prepared specifically for a platform with one binary file format has not been compiled/used on a platform with another binary file format.

Top

### Long/truncated lines in text kernel files

The text kernel file reader has been modified to correctly process truncated string value assignments.

Top

### VMS Read-Only Access File Open Failure

A bug in the DAF system preventing users on VMS systems from loading SPK, CK and binary PCK files with the read-only attribute(*) has been fixed.

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# Version 52 --- January 2002

Top

## Environments

The N0052 version of the SPICE Toolkit is supported on the following environments:

       PC         Linux         G77
       PC         Windows       Compaq Visual (Digital) Fortran
       PC         Windows       Lahey Fortran 95
       PC         Linux         GCC
       PC         Windows       Microsoft Visual C++
       Sun        Solaris       Fortran
       Sun        Solaris       Native C
       Sun        Solaris       GCC
       HP         UX            HP Fortran
       HP         UX            HP C
       Macintosh  MacOS         Absoft Fortran
       Macintosh  MacOS         Metrowerks Codewarrior C
       SGI        IRIX          N32/O32 Fortran
       SGI        IRIX          MIPS C (N32/O32 ABIs)
       DEC Alpha  Digital Unix  Digital Fortran
       DEC Alpha  Digital Unix  Digital C
       Vax        VMS           Digital Fortran

The N0052 version of the SPICE Toolkit is no longer supported on the following environments:

       PC         Windows       Lahey F77L3
       PC         Windows       Microsoft Powerstation Fortran 1.x
       PC         Windows       Microsoft Powerstation Fortran 4.x
       Sun        SunOS         Fortran
       Macintosh  MacOS         Language Systems Fortran
       Next       Nextstep      Absoft Fortran
       Next       Nextstep      GCC

Contact NAIF if you wish to obtain the Toolkit for one or more of these deprecated environments.

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## SPICELIB

Top

### Run-Time Binary File Format Translation

The most popular supported systems (including Macintosh, PC, and UNIX platforms) are now capable of accessing data in binary SPICE kernel files from other platforms directly without using transfer format. But note that binary files from other platforms are only available for read access. See the Convert User's Guide for specifics and details.

Top

### Open File Limit Increase

The sum of loaded SPK, CK, and binary PCK files, all of which are implemented using the DAF file architecture, may now reach 1000. Previous versions of the toolkit restricted the number of loaded DAFs to 20. But caution: loading large numbers of files may impact system performance.

Top

### SPK aberration corrections

SPK readers can now perform aberration corrections for transmitted, as well as received, radiation. This feature makes it simple to compute the direction in which radiation must be emitted in order to reach a specified target.

The headers of the SPK readers have been expanded to explain aberration corrections in greater detail.

Top

### Instrument Kernel Support

GETFOV was extended to compute boundary corners from FOV definitions in the kernel pool utilizing the new ANGLES specification. See GETFOV's or getfov_c's header for details.

Top

### Kernel POOL

The buffers that store text kernel data were increased. The new maximums are:

       Maximum Number of Variables                     5003
       Maximum Number of Distinct Numeric Data Items  10000 (*)
       Maximum Number of Character Strings             4000 (**)

(*) This is the maximum total number of values for all numeric scalar and array pool variables together. (**) This is the maximum total number of values for all character scalar and array pool variables together.

These changes allow the kernel pool to hold substantially more data than previous versions of the SPICE toolkit, which became necessary due to the increasing use of such SPICE components as IK and FK utilizing the POOL as the data repository and access mechanism.

Top

### Jacobian routines

Routines have been added for computing the Jacobians of the transformations between rectangular and the following coordinate systems:

       cylindrical
       geodetic
       latitudinal
       spherical

The Jacobian routines support transformation of velocities between these coordinate systems. See the headers of the following SPICELIB routines/CSPICE functions for more information:

       DCYLDR/dcyldr_c
       DGEODR/dgeodr_c
       DLATDR/dlatdr_c
       DSPHDR/dsphdr_c
       DRDCYL/drdcyl_c
       DRDGEO/drdgeo_c
       DRDLAT/drdlat_c
       DRDSPH/drdsph_c

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### NAIF ID to Object Name Mapping

The NAIF IDs for the following missions has been added to the set of IDs built into SPICE:

       CONTOUR
       LUNAR-A
       DRTS-WC
       MARS EXPRESS
       DEEP IMPACT
       STARLIGHT
       MER

Top

### Documentation

DAS and EK Required Reading documents have been added to the SPICE Toolkit.

The CONVERT User's Guide has been updated to reflect new run-time binary file format translation capability.

The FRAMES Required Reading has been updated to include inertial frame information formerly contained in the NAIF_IDS Required Reading.

The NAIF_IDS Required Reading has been updated to reflect new Toolkit capability, through which the NAIF ID to name mappings can be defined using text kernel files.

The MKSPK User's Guide has been updated to add clarity throughout.

The ERROR, PCK, ROTATIONS, SPK, and TIME Required Reading documents have all been improved.

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## CSPICE

Top

### New CSPICE wrappers for EK routines

CSPICE wrappers have been added to support record-oriented EK manipulation, including record-oriented writing, updating, and reading.

CSPICE wrappers have been added to provide summary capabilities for loaded EK tables.

Top

### Miscellaneous new CSPICE wrappers

Some new CSPICE wrappers have been added:

       frmnam_c
       inelpl_c
       namfrm_c

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## CKBRIEF

A capability to display a separate record for each interpolation interval in each segment of a Type 2 or Type 3 CK file has been added to the program. This capability is implemented using the ``-dump'' command line option.

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## COMMNT

An inconsistency between the program's functionality in interactive and command line modes has been fixed. The maximum length of a comment line that can be added to and extracted from the comments in either mode is now the same and is equal to 1000 characters.

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## MKSPK

The program was modified to allow appending new data segments to an existing SPK file.

Top

## VERSION

The interface of this utility program has been extended: a command line parameter causing the program to display additional library information has been added. See ``version -help'' for details.

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## Bug Fixes

Top

### CK, PCK, and SPK segment buffering and selection

Several bugs have been corrected in the modules CKBSR, PCKBSR, and SPKBSR. These bug fixes enable users to load more segments than can be buffered at once by these modules. However, the best run-time speed is still obtained when all segments of a given kernel type can be buffered. The current segment buffer sizes are:

       CK:    4000 segments
       SPK:   2000 segments
       PCK:    100 segments

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### Const-qualification for various CSPICE interfaces

A number of CSPICE function interfaces have been updated to add const-qualification of input arrays. This fix enhances compatibility with C++ applications.

Top

### CSPICE function gcpool_c fixed

This routine did not properly trim trailing blanks from values in its output array.

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### MOVED fix for Fortran PC Linux platform

In some cases the routine MOVED incorrectly copied double precision numbers whose values were assigned via EQUIVALENCE statements with pairs of integers. This could happen when the integer bit patterns did not correspond to valid double precision numbers. This problem prevented correct manipulation of some DAF segment descriptors.

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### EK query processing using LIKE operator and null values

Null values could be returned in some rare circumstances when a query employed the LIKE operator to compare scalar string column entries against a specified string value, and a null column entry was compared.

Top

### EK time conversion

The EK time parsing code handled SCLK values incorrectly when the string ``SCLK'' appeared in the name of the clock.

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### EK documentation

Various headers have been updated to indicate that query-and-fetch operations and EK fast writer operations may not be interleaved.

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### Source code clean-up

Miscellaneous problems triggering annoying but insignificant compilation warnings have been fixed. Various files have had TAB characters removed. Others have had final newline characters added.

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# Version 51 --- April 2000

Top

## SPICELIB

Top

### Instrument Kernel Support

The routine GETFOV was added to the Toolkit. It returns information describing the shape, size, boresight, and orientation of the field of view for traditional remote sensing instruments.

Top

### Binary Kernel Recognition

The routine GETFAT was upgraded to use a more robust algorithm for identifying the type (SPK or CK) of inadequately labeled binary kernels. This modification is critical for Mars project SPICE customers who wish to use the SPICELIB utility FURNSH when loading binary kernels.

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### CK

A new representation for the orientation of spacecraft structures has been added to the C-kernel system. C-kernel data type 04 provides a flexible and compact method for representing the attitude of structures by using Chebyshev polynomials to fit orientation data or models.

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### SPK

Two new representations for position and velocity of objects have been added to the SPK system. Types 12 and 13 provide for the Hermite interpolation of states from series of state vectors. See the SPK Required Reading for further details.

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### Miscellaneous

The list of names recognized by BODTRN was enhanced to support the identification of the "Cluster" spacecraft (1,2,3 and 4) as well as the Pluto-Kuiper Express spacecraft and simulation.

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## MKSPK

The utility program MKSPK has been added to the general release of the SPICE Toolkit. This allows SPICE customers to more easily generate SPK files from tabular ephemeris information. See the User's Guide (mkspk.ug) for details on the use of MKSPK.

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## SPKMERGE

The program was upgraded to correct an "infinite loop" that existed in rare cases on some platforms.

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### Bug Fixes

Although it is unlikely that most users will notice any difference, a number of minor bug corrections have been incorporated:

`--` The kernel pool software was modified to detect and handle string specifications that are too long to be stored in the kernel pool.

`--` The time parsing software (used by STR2ET) was enhanced so that erroneous long strings will be diagnosed as erroneous and no longer cause a run-time error.

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# Version 50 --- October 1999

Top

## CSPICE

Version 50 of the SPICE Toolkit includes a C language edition of the Toolkit. This provides a C language interface to the Toolkit and duplicates the FORTRAN capabilities. SPICE users interested in a C version of the Toolkit should specifically request the CSPICE version. Moreover, C users should read the document "CSPICE User's Guide" which addresses issues regarding the translation of the FORTRAN Toolkit to C.

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## Additions and Extensions to SPICE routines

Top

### Loading Kernels

The new routine FURNSH provides a single uniform interface for loading all SPICE kernels. In addition, the new interface allows you create a "meta-kernel" listing which SPICE kernels should be loaded. When this "meta-kernel" is supplied to FURNSH, all listed kernels will be loaded into the appropriate SPICE subsystems. It is anticipated that this new interface will substantially ease the problem of managing and loading SPICE kernels.

In addition to the routine FURNSH several related routines are provided to assist with the run-time management of kernels loaded through the FURNSH interface.

KTOTAL
  returns the number of kernels that are currently available to your program as a result of previous calls to FURNSH and UNLOAD.

KDATA
  provides an interface for retrieving (in order of their specification through FURNSH) kernels that are active in your application.

KINFO
  allows you to retrieve information about a loaded kernel using the name of that kernel.

UNLOAD
  provides an interface for unloading kernels that have been loaded via the routine FURNSH.

FORTRAN users should consult the header for the routine KEEPER for details on the use of these routines. C users should see the specific files furnsh_c.c, ktotal_c.c, kdata_c.c, kinfo_c.c and unload_c.c

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### Position Only Interface.

The Frames and SPK subsystems have been extended to provide a "position only" interface. The user level routines in the extension are:

SPKPOS
  returns the 3-vector giving the location of one object as seen from another corrected for light time and stellar aberration (if requested by the user) in the user specified reference frame.

PXFORM
  returns the 3x3 matrix that transforms positions from one reference frame to another as a function of time.

These routines run slightly faster than their position and velocity counter parts: SPKEZR and SXFORM. In addition they allow you to use C-kernel based frames when the C-kernel does not contain angular velocity data.

See the routines PXFORM and SPKPOS for details on their use.

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### ID-codes

The name/ID-code translation routines (BODN2C and BODC2N) have been extended so that users may add missing name/ID-code mappings to SPICE text kernels. Using this new capability, users can extend the built-in name/ID-code mapping by simply loading an appropriate SPICE text kernel with the interface FURNSH.

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### Kernel Pool Enhancements

Several new kernel pool interfaces have been provided

STPOOL
  Allows storage of long string valued variables through use of a continuation character.

PCPOOL
  Allows the insertion of a character variable directly into the kernel pool without supplying a text kernel.

PDPOOL
  Allows the insertion of a double precision variable directly into the kernel pool without supplying a text kernel.

PIPOOL
  Allows the insertion of an integer variable directly into the kernel pool without supplying a text kernel.

LMPOOL
  Similar to LDPOOL, but the text kernel is stored in an array of strings instead of an external file.

SZPOOL
  allows run time retrieval of kernel pool memory parameters.

DVPOOL
  allows deletion of a specific variable from the kernel pool.

GNPOOL
  assists in determining which variables are defined in the kernel pool via variable name template matching.

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### Continuous Spacecraft Clocks

The Spacecraft Clock system has been extended so that "ticks" can be modeled continuously instead of discretely. See the SCLK required reading for more details.

Top

### Bad FTP File Transfer Detection

SPICE binary kernels have been enhanced so that Toolkit software can detect whether a binary kernel has been transferred using ASCII instead of BINARY transfer mode. Note that only SPICE binary kernels produced with the N0050 (or later) version of the SPICE Toolkit will have features required for this diagnosis.

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### CK Writer Enhancements

The SPICE C-kernel writers have been enhanced to check that quaternions supplied to the writer are indeed nearly unit length. This check allows detection of programming errors earlier in the kernel production process.

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### Bugs

No bugs were identified between version N0049 and N0050 of the Toolkit. However, users may notice that several routines have minor changes. The main reasons for code changes are:

`1.` Extending the range of inputs that can be handled by SPICE routines.

`2.` Balancing the use of the SPICE error handling Check-in/Check-out tracing mechanism.

`3.` Removal of unused variables.

`4.` Corrections in grammar, spelling and other typographic errors in the headers of SPICE routines.

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## SPICE Utility Programs

Top

### TOBIN

The utility program TOBIN which converts transfer format kernels to binary form, can now process transfer format kernels that have been wrapped with SFDUs.

Top

### COMMNT

COMMNT now accepts command line arguments making it usable from user scripts.

Top

### CKBRIEF

CKBRIEF is a new utility that allows you to quickly summarize a C-kernel in a manner similar to the summary capabilities provided by the SPK summary tool, BRIEF.

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### MKSPK

MKSPK is a utility program that allows users to generate SPK files from appropriate and suitably tabularized position and velocity information.

Top

## Documentation

Many SPICE documents were edited and brought up to date. Most notable of these is the document KERNEL.REQ which discusses SPICE text kernels and the use of the kernel pool.

In addition a new document called "Common Problems" (problems.req) has been included with the standard SPICE documentation. This document is intended to help you in trouble shooting problems that may arise with programming with the SPICE Toolkit.

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# Version 49 --- September 1998

Version 49 of the SPICE Toolkit exists only to fix errors that were identified in version 48 of the Toolkit. The routines in SPICELIB that were corrected are:

       DELTET  --- obsolete routine maintained only for
                   backwards compatibility. A bug was
                   introduced in Version 48 that could
                   lead to 0.003 seconds of error in outputs.
       DPFMT   --- documentation corrections.
       EKQMRT  --- a boundary bug was corrected.
       SPKW02  --- documentation correction
       TIMDEF  --- a bug was fixed that can only be manifested
                   when the default exception handling is modified.
       TIMOUT  --- correction of grammatical errors in header.

Top

# Version 48 --- May 1998

Version 48 of the SPICE Toolkit extends the set of supported platforms to include PCs running the LINUX operating system.

The time system was modified so that two digit years are interpreted as belonging to the years 1969-2068 inclusive.

In addition a number of minor bugs have been fixed. The intended functionality of the Toolkit has not changed. The most significant bug fixes are listed here.

       conics.for was updated.

          There was a coding error in the computation of the mean
          anomaly in the parabolic case. This problem has been
          corrected.

       et2lst.for was updated.

          The integer variable SUN was never initialized in the
          previous version of the routine. Now it is set to
          the proper value of 10.

       str2et.for was updated.

          The previous versions of this routine did not correctly
          convert day-of-year strings in the TDB or TDT systems.
          They treated the day of year as year, month, day giving
          spectacularly wrong answers.

          In addition, comments concerning the default century for
          abbreviated years were updated to reflect changes to TEXPYR

       timout.for was updated.

          The previous version of this routine did not output
          fractional components for epochs prior to 1 A.D.

          In addition, the default time system, calendar and time zone
          are obtained from TIMDEF.

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# Version 47 --- July 1997

This chapter describes the significant changes to version 47 of the SPICE Toolkit.

Top

## Documentation

There are two significant documentation changes to version 47 of the Toolkit.

`1.` The Required Reading for SPK (SPK.REQ) has been re-written to address the use of non-inertial frames within the SPK system.

`2.` The Frames subsystem has been documented in the required reading file FRAMES.REQ. This document describes the various reference systems that are currently supported by the Toolkit as well as naming and numbering conventions that will be adhered to by NAIF.

These two documents together with the extensions to the frame system that have been added in version 47 allows one to easily model the dynamics of structures on spacecraft or surface rovers.

In addition to these major modifications to the base SPICE documentation, the document TIME.REQ has been updated to reflect a slight broadening of recognized time strings and to document the routine ET2LST that allows the user to convert to ephemeris time to local solar time for any natural ephemeris object.

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## Software

Top

### SPK

The SPK ephemeris system has been expanded to support Space Command Two Line Elements (formally known as NORAD Two Line Elements) and equinoctial elements.

To assist SPICE users who need to create SPK files that contain two line element sets, NAIF has a preliminary utility that allows the creation of SPK files from two line element data. This tool is available from NAIF on an as-needed basis. This utility is still a bit rough around the edges and has not yet been made an official Toolkit product.

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### Frames

The frame system has been extended to support reference frames that can be described as a constant rotation from another frame (such as a bodyfixed, inertial or C-kernel frame). These frames are easily described using text based kernels. This new frame type is well suited for describing instrument, lander and topocentric frames.

Top

### Time

The time parsing software was enhanced so that a slightly broader set of time formats are recognized. In addition the routine ET2LST was added to the Toolkit. This routine allows you to convert ET (ephemeris time TDB) to local solar time for a planet, satellite comet or asteroid. Local solar time is a "clock" measure of the angle between a local meridian and the meridian of the sun. See the TIME required reading for further details.

Top

### Bug Fixes

The routines CKGPAV and CKFXFM in versions prior to version 47 of the Toolkit dealt with angular velocity in non-inertial frames incorrectly. This error did not affect C-kernels that were described relative to inertial frames. In those rare instances in which a C-kernel was described relative to a non-inertial frame, the mistreatment of angular velocity could lead to errors in the computation of velocities relative to the C-kernel frame. The computation of positions were not affected by this error.

The routine TIMOUT in version 46 did not reliably produce an abbreviated two-digit year. This error has been corrected.

All other errors were of a technical nature such as improper use of the SPICE exception handling subsystem and are unlikely to have affected most SPICE users.

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# Version 46 --- January 1997

This chapter describes the significant changes to version 46 of the SPICE Toolkit.

Top

### Documentation

NAIF now has available two overview documents that provide users with a higher level view of Toolkit. The two documents are called

       Introduction to SPICE
       Most Useful SPICELIB Subroutines

These documents are available in the ``doc'' subdirectory of the Toolkit in the postscript files

       intro.ps
       mostused.ps

respectively.

The first of these documents, ``Introduction to SPICE'', provides a broad overview of the SPICE system and attempts to lay out a map of where you can find more specific information about the various components of the SPICE system. The second document ``Most Useful SPICELIB Routines'' categorizes 120 or so of the most frequently used SPICELIB routines and provides a synopsis for each of these.

Top

### Time

The time software has undergone significant enhancement. The Toolkit now supports a wider set of time formats and time systems. The most important new routines are:

       STR2ET
       TIMOUT
       TTRANS
       TPARTV

The new time software is outlined in the ``recommended reading'' file --- TIME.REQ which appears in the ``doc'' subdirectory of the Toolkit.

A number of convenience routines have been added to the Toolkit. Those likely to be of most interest to users are:

DPFMT
  The routine DPFMT allows you to create a string representing a number by supplying a ``picture'' that should be followed in formatting the string.

TOSTDO
  The routine TOSTDO is a portable means of writing strings to ``standard output.'' The particulars of formatting on various platforms are handled transparently. Using this routine, you can isolate yourself from formatting considerations that arise when using the intrinsic FORTRAN WRITE statement.

The remainder of the modifications to the Toolkit are primarily to ease problems associated with maintenance of the Toolkit.

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# Version 45 --- October 1996

Version 45 is a quick update to correct an oversight in versions 43 and 44. Although the reference frames DE-143 was added to the collection of non-inertial reference frames in version 43, it was not available to all of the SPICE subsystems. Version 45 corrects this deficiency.

In addition to this correction to the reference frame subsystem, a number of minor corrections were made to the DAS subsystem and to error messages returned by EK software.

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# Version 44 --- August 1996

This chapter describes the significant changes to version 44 of the SPICE Toolkit.

Top

### SPK Subsystem

The main workhorse routine of the SPK subsystem, SPKGEO, was modified to remove potentially redundant computations. As a result, some applications may see a performance improvement on the order of 60 percent.

Top

### Inspekt

Inspekt was upgraded to support the DEC Alpha OSF/1 environment. All functional aspects of Inspekt are now fully supported in the DEC Alpha OSF/1 environment.

Top

### Bug Fixes

Several errors in the EK and supporting DAS subsystem were corrected. These fixes will be visible to only a small number of SPICE users. (Primarily those users who create E-kernels or access the EK files directly through the subroutine interface.) Users whose primary use of E-kernels is via the program Inspekt will see no visible changes in the SPICE system.

The generic segment subsystem was corrected. The errors were discovered by the NAIF staff while developing new SPK data types. These new data types are not yet incorporated into SPICELIB. Consequently users of the SPICE system are unlikely to have used any of the code in which these errors were found.

The frames subsystem was corrected. In NAIF's experiments in converting the library to C, an error was found in the routine FRMCHG. This error is of a pedantic nature and has not surfaced in any of the supported native FORTRAN environments.

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# Version 43 --- May 1996

This chapter describes the new capabilities available in version 43 of the SPICE Toolkit.

Top

### Brief

The SPICE utility program BRIEF has been added to the generic SPICE Toolkit. This program allows you to easily summarize the contents of an SPK file. The summary can be tuned depending upon the level of detail you are interested in seeing. See the BRIEF User's Guide (brief.ug) for an explanation of features.

Top

### Star Catalogs.

In version 43 of the SPICE Toolkit, an introductory level star catalog capability has been introduced. The routines used for manipulating star catalogs are:

       STCF01
       STCG01
       STCL01

Top

### CHGIRF

Support for the inertial reference frame DE143 has been added to SPICELIB.

Top

### BODTRN

The routine BODTRN has been added to the Toolkit. This routine allows you to easily translate between the names of ephemeris objects to their NAIF ID codes.

Top

### Performance Improvements

A number of performance enhancements have been included. Most notable in this list is the SPICE exception handling subsystem. By relinking your programs you may see an improvement in performance from 20 to 30 percent (depending upon how heavily your program makes use of the SPICE exception handling capability).

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# Version 42 --- December 1995

This chapter describes new capabilities available in version 42 of the SPICE Toolkit and includes examples of how to make use of these new capabilities. The major new capability of Version 42 of the Toolkit is the official release of the SPICE Events Kernel Software. This software includes all the interface level routines for reading and writing events kernels. It also includes the event kernel browser program Inspekt. Inspekt has an extensive on-line help facility that for now must serve as a user's guide to the program.

Full documentation for the new capabilities will be available in version 43 of the Toolkit.

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# Version 41 --- October 1995

This chapter describes new capabilities available in version 41 of the SPICE Toolkit and includes examples of how to make use of these new capabilities. There are two major new capabilities provided in version 41 of the Toolkit. First is the ability to retrieve the states of objects by using the names of the objects instead of SPICE integer id-codes for those objects. Second is the ability to store and retrieve states of objects relative to non-inertial reference frames.

##

Until now, the primary mechanism for retrieving state information from the SPICE ephemeris (SPK) files has been the subroutine SPKEZ (pronounced: ess pee kay eee' zee). This routine requires that you know the integer id-codes associated with the objects of interest.

Beginning with version 41 of the SPICE Toolkit the routine SPKEZR (pronounced: ess pee kay eee' zee er ) will be the primary mechanism for retrieving states. The calling sequence for this new routine is

       CALL SPKEZR ( TARG, ET, REF, ABCORR, OBS, STARG, LT )

where

       Inputs:

TARG
  is a character string that is the name of the object whose state is of interest. Examples are: 'JUPITER', 'EARTH', 'SUN', 'GOLDSTONE'.

ET
  is the epoch at which the state is desired. ET is a double precision number giving the epoch measure in ephemeris seconds past the epoch of the J2000 reference frame.

REF
  is a character string giving the name of the reference frame in which the output state should be represented. Examples are: 'J2000', 'IAU_EARTH'.

ABCORR
  is a string indicating what forms of aberration corrections should be applied to the retrieved state.

OBS
  is a string that is the name of the object to which the returned state will be relative. Examples are: 'EARTH', 'GOLSTONE'.

       Outputs:

STARG
  is the state of the target body relative to the observer represented in the specified reference frame with the specified aberration corrections accounted for.

LT
  is the light time in seconds from the target to the observer.

To illustrate the use of this routine, suppose that you wanted to get the B1950 state of Mars relative to Earth corrected for light-time and stellar aberration at the epoch that occurs 10 million seconds prior to the J2000 epoch. The code fragment below shows how you would call SPKEZR to obtain this state. (Note that this assumes that you have already loaded ephemerides for Mars and the Earth.)

        DOUBLE PRECISION      STATE ( 6 )
        DOUBLE PRECISION      LT

        CALL SPKEZR ( 'MARS',  1.0D+07, 'B1950', 'LT+S',
       .             'EARTH', STATE, LT )

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## Non-inertial Reference Frames

Prior to version 41 of the Toolkit, storing or obtaining states relative to a body-fixed frame required conversion to or from states relative to inertial frames such as J2000. With version 41 of the SPICE Toolkit, this restriction has been removed. It is now possible to store states relative to a non-inertial frame. Moreover, you may now retrieve states relative to non-inertial frames.

For example suppose you want to determine whether or not Jupiter is above the local horizon at the Goldstone tracking site. The following code fragment allows you to make this determination at an epoch ET. Note we've hard-coded the radii for the spheroid that approximates the surface of the earth.

       C     Look up the bodyfixed state of Jupiter relative to
       C     the Goldstone tracking site and the state of
       C     Goldstone relative to the center of the earth.
       C
             CALL SPKEZR ( 'JUPITER',   ET,    'IAU_EARTH', 'LT+S',
            .              'GOLDSTONE', JSTATE, LT )

             CALL SPKEZR ( 'GOLDSTONE', ET,    'IAU_EARTH', 'NONE',
            .              'EARTH',     GSTATE, LT )
       C
       C     Compute the local surface normal at the Goldstone site.
       C
             EQRAD1 = 6378.140
             EQRAD2 = 6378.140
             POLRAD = 6356.75

             CALL SURFNM ( EQRAD1, EQRAD2, POLRAD, GSTATE, LNORML )
       C
       C     Next compute the angle between the local normal and the
       C     vector to Jupiter. If the angle is less than pi/2 then
       C     Jupiter is above the local horizon.  Otherwise it's not
       C     visible.
       C
             ANGLE = VSEP ( JSTATE, LNORML )

             IF ( ANGLE .LT. HALFPI() ) THEN
                WRITE (*,*) 'Jupiter is above the horizon.'
             ELSE
                WRITE (*,*) 'Jupiter is not visible from Goldstone.'
             END IF

Below is a list of the non-inertial frames that are currently supported. Frames that begin with the letters IAU are frames whose orientation is specified in the report: "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites"

       IAU_ADRASTEA
       IAU_AMALTHEA
       IAU_ANANKE
       IAU_ARIEL
       IAU_ATLAS
       IAU_BELINDA
       IAU_BIANCA
       IAU_CALLISTO
       IAU_CALYPSO
       IAU_CARME
       IAU_CHARON
       IAU_CORDELIA
       IAU_CRESSIDA
       IAU_DEIMOS
       IAU_DESDEMONA
       IAU_DESPINA
       IAU_DIONE
       IAU_EARTH
       IAU_EARTH_BARYCENTER
       IAU_ELARA
       IAU_ENCELADUS
       IAU_EPIMETHEUS
       IAU_EUROPA
       IAU_GALATEA
       IAU_GANYMEDE
       IAU_HELENE
       IAU_HIMALIA
       IAU_HYPERION
       IAU_IAPETUS
       IAU_IO
       IAU_JANUS
       IAU_JULIET
       IAU_JUPITER
       IAU_JUPITER_BARYCENTER
       IAU_LARISSA
       IAU_LEDA
       IAU_LYSITHEA
       IAU_MARS
       IAU_MARS_BARYCENTER
       IAU_MERCURY
       IAU_MERCURY_BARYCENTER
       IAU_METIS
       IAU_MIMAS
       IAU_MIRANDA
       IAU_MOON
       IAU_NAIAD
       IAU_NEPTUNE
       IAU_NEPTUNE_BARYCENTER
       IAU_NEREID
       IAU_OBERON
       IAU_OPHELIA
       IAU_PANDORA
       IAU_PASIPHAE
       IAU_PHOBOS
       IAU_PHOEBE
       IAU_PLUTO
       IAU_PLUTO_BARYCENTER
       IAU_PORTIA
       IAU_PROMETHEUS
       IAU_PROTEUS
       IAU_PUCK
       IAU_RHEA
       IAU_ROSALIND
       IAU_SATURN
       IAU_SATURN_BARYCENTER
       IAU_SINOPE
       IAU_SUN
       IAU_TELESTO
       IAU_TETHYS
       IAU_THALASSA
       IAU_THEBE
       IAU_TITAN
       IAU_TITANIA
       IAU_TRITON
       IAU_UMBRIEL
       IAU_URANUS
       IAU_URANUS_BARYCENTER
       IAU_VENUS
       IAU_VENUS_BARYCENTER